Abstract: In conjunction with the ongoing rural clean heating renovation project in northern China， this study compares the home adoption of two technologies of air source heat pumps（ASHPs） and wall-mounted natural gas heaters（NGHs） in rural settings. Why hasn't the clean technology introduced into households in Li Village changed the traditional heating methods of most villagers to achieve the expected clean heating results？ This article finds that the lack of technological domestication process is the key to the inability of new technologies to be integrated into villagers' daily lives. The sudden intervention of clean technology is like an intrude of untamed animals. Users need to combine their living habits and household heating needs, and spontaneously complete multiple adaptive trails such as price measurement, adjustment, and transformation based on the flexibility of the technology. In this two-way interaction with clean technology， personalized usage patterns are formed to alleviate the tension between the technical design scripts and users' habits. With low flexibility， ASHPs have resulted in mismatches in terms of device performance， heating costs， and installation space， affecting the participation of villagers in the trials and ultimately limiting their usefulness as an auxiliary tool in addition to the traditional coal-stove heating system. NGHs with high technological flexibility not only provide villagers with powerful information about cost， kitchen renovation and more， but also the possibility to rewrite the original scripts， allowing villagers to take initiatives to produce knowledge and products that meet their daily needs， therefore completing the entire process of home adaptation of new technology. Only by giving space for negotiation between technologies and users can technology-driven social transformation projects better promote changes in people's lifestyles and sustainable green upgrades.

Key words: domestication of technology, trials, Model of Interessement, clean technology, users