从精英国家化到国家精英化——我国干部录用制度的历史考察

Abstract

Abstract:

Recruiting cadres from the elite is a major strategy of elite nationalization． During the period of totalism， our government tended to select cadres largely from the backbone classes of factor workers and poor peasants with the purpose of ensuring the stability of the newly founded country． Cadres were thus placed into classes． In the meantime， in order to promote cooperation with the elite， the government recruited a number of cadres from the nonproletarian elite， who were subject to “ideology reform” and “reeducation．” The government’s then strategies to deal with the elite who lived through the old society included appointing some to important posts， providing for some， or imprisoning some． Thus， elite nationalization was completed． During the period of market economy， there is a transformation from elite nationalization to national elitism， for basically only the elite are likely to be cadres． However， problems in appointing and appraising cadres have some negative impact on democratic politics and state governance． Therefore， it is essential to reflect on these problems when the nation adopts elitism．

Key words: system of cadre recruitment , elite nationalization , national elitism

Yu Yang. From Elite Nationalization to National Elitism： A Historical Review on PRC’s System of Cadre Recruitment[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

References

白吉尔，玛丽·格莱尔、王菊．2008．从资本主义到共产主义：上海的干部和企业主（1949〖CD*2〗1952）［J］．华中师范大学学报（1）．［Bergere， Marie Glere and Wang Jue． 2008． “ From Capitalism to Communism： Shanghai Cadres and Business Owners （1949〖CD*2〗1952）．” 〖WT《XB》〗Journal of Huazhong Normal University 〖WT《B》〗（Humanities and Social Sciences）（1）．（in Chinese）］〖JP〗
Burns，John P．1983．“Reforming China’s Bureaucracy，1979〖CD*2〗1982．”〖WT《XB》〗Asian Survey〖WT《B》〗 23（6）：692〖CD*2〗722．
陈祖恩、叶斌、李天纲．1999．上海通史——当代政治［M］．上海人民出版社．［Chen Zu’en，Ye Bin，and Li Tiangang．1999．〖WT《XB》〗Shanghai General History：Contemporary Politics〖WT《B》〗． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
静安区地方志编撰委员会，编．1996．静安区志［M］．上海社会科学院出版社．［Compiling Board of Local Chronicles Jingan District． 1996．〖WT《XB》〗Jingan District Chronicles．〖WT《B》〗 Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press．］
〖JP2〗Davis，Deborah S．2000．“Social Class Transformation in Urban China： Training， Hiring， and Promoting Urban Professionals and Managers after 1949．”〖WT《XB》〗Modern China〖WT《B》〗 26（3）： 251〖CD*2〗275．〖JP〗
吉拉斯，密洛凡．1985．新阶级：对共产主义制度的分析［M］．陈逸，译．北京：中共中央政法委员会理论室．［Djilas， Milovan． 1985．〖WT《XB》〗The New Class： An Analysis of the Communist System．〖WT《B》〗Translated by Chen Yi． Beijing： Theoretical Research Centre of the CPC Central Committee Political Committee〖WT《XB》〗．〖WT《B》〗］
沂水县地方史志编纂委员会编．1997．沂水县志［M］．济南：齐鲁书社．［Editorial Board of Local Chronicles Yishui County． 1997．〖WT《XB》〗Annals of Yishui County〖WT《B》〗．Jinan：〖WT《XB》〗Qi Lu Press〖WT《B》〗．］
上海机电工业志编纂委员会，编．1996．上海机电工业志［M］．上海社会科学院出版社．［Editorial Board of Shanghai Mechanical & Electrical Industry Chronicles． 1996．〖WT《XB》〗Shanghai Mechanical & Electrical Industry Chronicles．〖WT《B》〗 Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press〖WT《XB》〗．〖WT《B》〗］
房列曙．2005．中国历史上的人才选拔制度［M］．北京：人民出版社．［Fang Lieshu．2005．〖WT《XB》〗Talent Selection System in China’s History．〖WT《B》〗 Beijing： People’s Publishing House．］
郭坚刚、席晓勤．2003．全能主义政治在中国的兴起、高潮及其未来［J］．浙江学刊（5）．［Guo Jiangang and Xi Xiaoqin．2003． “Totalism Politics of China： Rise， Climax and its Future．” 〖WT《XB》〗Zhejiang Academic Journal（5）〖WT《B》〗．（in Chinese）］
李新慧．2007．论建国初期失业的治理及启示［J］．经济史（5）．［Li Xinhui．2007．“Administration of the Unemployment in the Early Days of New China and its Enlightenment．” 〖WT《XB》〗Economic History〖WT《B》〗（5）．（in Chinese）］
聂伟迅．2007．论20世纪中国全能主义政治及其成因［J］．江汉论坛（9）．［Nie Weixun．2007． “On China’s Totalism Politics in the 20th Century and Causes． ” 〖WT《XB》〗Jianghan Tribune 〖WT《B》〗（9）．（in Chinese）］
中共中央组织部、中共中央党史研究室、中央档案馆．2000．中国共产党组织史资料文献选编（1949．10〖CD*2〗1966．5）（第九卷·下）［M］．北京：中共党史出版社．［Organization Department of CCCPC，〖WT《B》〗Party History Research Centre of CCCPC， Archives Bureau of CCCPC．2000．〖WT《XB》〗Selected Documents and Material for the Organizational History of CCP〖WT《B》〗（Oct． 1949May． 1966）（Vol 9·Ⅱ）．〖WT《B》〗 Beijing： CPC Party History Publishing House．］
Ray，Dennis．1970．“Red and Expert and China’s Cultural Revolution．”〖WT《XB》〗Pacific Affairs〖WT《B》〗 43（1）：22〖CD*2〗33．
唐亚林、郭林．2006．从阶级统治到阶层共治．学术界（4）．［Tang Yalin and Guo Lin．2006． “From Class Dominance to Stratum Synarchy．” 〖WT《XB》〗 Academics in China〖WT《B》〗（4）．（in Chinese）］
魏昂德．2002．职业流动与政治秩序［G］∥边燕杰，主编．市场转型与社会分层——美国社会学者分析中国．北京：三联书店．［Walder， Andrew 2002． “〖WT《B》〗Career Mobility and the Communist Political Order．” Bian Yanjie （eds．）．〖WT《XB》〗Market Transformation and Social Stratification in China：American Sociological Review．〖WT《B》〗 Beijing： SDX Joint Publishing Company．］
魏昂德，等．2002．中国城市精英的二元职业路径：1949〖CD*2〗1996［J］．魏亚萍，译．国外社会学（2）．［Walder， Andrew， et al.． 2002． “Dual Career Paths into Urban Chinese Elite， 1949〖CD*2〗1996．” Translated by Wei Yaping．〖WT《XB》〗Sociology Abroad〖WT《B》〗（2）．（in Chinese）］
Wint，Guy．1960．“The Creation of Power．”〖WT《XB》〗The China Quarterly〖WT《B》〗（1）：26〖CD*2〗28．
吴鹏森．2002．当代中国社会分层结构的历史演变及其启示［J］．南京师大学报（6）．［Wu Pengsen．2006． “The Historic Development of the Structure of Contemporary China’s Social Stratification and its Enlightenment．” 〖WT《XB》〗Journal of Nanjing Normal University〖WT《B》〗（Social Science Edition）（6）．（in Chinese）］
Wu Xiaogang．2001．“Institutional Structures and Social Mobility in China： 1949〖CD*2〗1996．”PhD Thesis，Department of Sociology，University of California Los Angeles．California．
〖JP2〗张晨怡．2002．知识分子与建国初期的政治清明［J］．辽宁大学学报（4）．［Zhang Chenyi． 2002． “Intellectuals and Political Sobriety during the Initial Period of the Founding of the Republic．”〖WT《XB》〗 Jounal of Liaoning University 〖WT《B》〗（Philosophy Social Sciences Edition）（4）．（in Chinese）］〖JP〗
周玉．2005．干部——职业地位获得的社会总资本分析［M］．北京：社会科学文献出版社．［Zhou Yu．2005．〖WT《XB》〗Cadres：Analysis of their Total Social Capital Arising from Occupational Status〖WT《B》〗． Beijing： Social Sciences Academic Press．］〖ZK）〗〖HT〗

责任编辑：路英浩

From Elite Nationalization to National Elitism： A Historical Review on PRC’s System of Cadre Recruitment

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 0

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments