Abstract: In the tides of globalization today,state power and market join to impel commoditization. This rapid process of expansion has drastically enlarged the economic and political spheres， putting tremendous pressure on the social sphere， which has necessitated “protecting society” to be a core issue of contemporary sociology. However， with China being in a market transition as a unique background， the “redistribution system” in the past has profoundly inhibited the social life of selforganization， thus making “producing society，” rather than “protecting society，” the primary task. It is not only a mission of social practice， but also a mission of sociological cognition. Nonetheless， due to the unusual convergence of historical conditions， “producing society” exhibits duality： We have to produce in the same time and in the same space both “active society” in Polanyis terms and “civil society” in Gramsis terms. This particularity in “producing society” predetermines peoples simultaneous making of “classes” and “citizens” on the level of social action. This paper aims at elaborating the dual mechanism of "producing society"and discussing the microbase of “civil society.”

Key words: Marxism in sociology, active society, civil society, citizenship, civil courage