自杀与现代人的境况——涂尔干的“自杀类型学”及其人性基础

Abstract

Abstract: According to the standard history of sociology, Durkheim’s Suicide has been considered as one classic in early empirical studies in sociology. If we apply modern statistical research methods to estimate and verify the work, however, we will distort or obstruct its proper research paradigm and the essential problems into which it intends to inquiry. This paper argues that the typology of suicide which consists of egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, anomic suicide and fatalistic suicide is Durkheim’s important theoretical contribution to the suicide studies. His extended interpretation and exposition around the social types of suicide are closely connected with some essential questions in his work. We carefully investigate some crucial aspects and problems of the typology of suicide by examining both Durkheim’s texts and associated secondary literature; and meanwhile, by referring to Durkheim’s theory of human nature, we provide a deeper analysis of the typology, and emphasize the human nature basis of Durkheim’s social theory. The article also suggests that the typology of suicide is an advancement of his theory about the relationship between the individual and the social after The Division of Labor in Society. In addition, Durkheim’s distinctive pathological analysis about suicidogenic currents as social facts demonstrates his rules of sociological method on the one hand, and the modern human condition on the other. In this sense, Durkheim’s Suicide as a “classic” closely combines theoretical production and the social problems of his time.

Key words: Durkheim, typology of suicides , individualism, moral education , duality of human nature

ZHAO Liwei. Suicide and Modern Human Condition：On Durkheim’s “Typology of Suicides” Based on Homo Duples[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

References

陈涛.2013.人造社会还是自然社会——涂尔干对社会契约论的批判［J］.社会学研究（3）：47-75.
加缪.2002.西西弗的神话［M］.杜小真，译.桂林：广西师范大学出版社.
李英飞.2013.涂尔干早期社会理论中的“社会”概念［M］.社会33（6）：1-29.
帕佩尔诺，伊琳娜.2003.陀思妥耶夫斯基论作为文化机制的俄国自杀问题［M］.杜文娟、彭卫红，译.长春：吉林人民出版社.
渠敬东.1999.缺席与断裂：对失范的社会学研究［M］.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.1999.宗教生活的基本形式［M］.渠东、汲喆，译.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2000.社会分工论［M］.渠东，译.北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2001a.职业伦理与公民道德［M］.渠东、付德根，译.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2001b.道德教育［M］.陈光金、沈杰、朱谐汉，译.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2003a.孟德斯鸠与卢梭［M］.李鲁宁，等，译.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2003b.乱伦禁忌及其起源［M］.汲喆，等，译.上海人民出版社.
涂尔干，埃米尔.2012.哲学讲稿［M］.渠敬东、杜月，译.北京：商务印书馆.
韦伯，马克斯.2012.新教伦理与资本主义精神［M］.苏国勋、覃方明、赵立玮、秦明瑞，译.北京：社会科学文献出版社.
Acevedo，Gabriel A.2005.“Turning Anomie on Its Head：Fatalism as Durkheim’s Concealed and Multidimensional Alienation Theory.” Sociological Theory 23 (1)：75-85.
Bellah，Robert N.1973.“Introduction.”In Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society，edited by Robert N. Bellah. Chicago：The University of Chicago Press：ix-lv.
Besnard，Philippe.1993.“Anomie and Fatalism in Durkheim’s Theory of Regulation.”In Emile Durkheim：Sociologist and Moralist，edited by Stephen P. Turner.London：Routledge：169-190.
Besnard，Philippe (ed.).2000.“Suicide and Anomie.”In Emile Durkheim：Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists，volume III，edited by W. S. F. Pickering.London：Routledge，2001：1-172.
Besnard，Philippe.2005.“Durkheim’s Squares：Types of Social Pathology and Types of Suicide.”In The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim，edited by Jeffery C. Alexander and Philip Smith. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press：70-79.
Breault，K. D.1994.“Was Durkheim Right?A Critical Survey of the Empirical Literature of Le Suicide.”In The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim，edited by Jeffery C. Alexander and Philip Smith. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press：7-25.
Dohrenwend，Bruce P. 1959.“Egoism，Altruism，Anomie，and Fatalism：A Conceptual Analysis of Durkheim’s Types.”In Emile Durkheim：Critical Assessments，volume III，edited by Peter Hamilton. London：Routledge，1990：22-33.
Douglas，Jack D.1967.The Social Meaning of Suicide. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Durkheim，Emile.1915.“Germany Above All”：German Mentality and War.Paris：Librairie Armand Colin.
Durkheim，Emile.1951.Suicide：A Study in Sociology，translated by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson.New York：The Free Press.
Durkheim，Emile.1982.The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and Its Method，edited by Steven Lukes，translated by W. D. Halls. New York：The Free Press.
Durkheim，Emile.1984.“The Problem of Religion and the Duality of Human Nature.”Knowledge and Society：Studies in the Sociology of Culture Past and Present 5：1-44.
Fournier，Marcel.2005.“Durkheim’s Life and Context：Something New about Durkheim?”In The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim，edited by Jeffery C. Alexander and Philip Smith. Cambridge：Cambridge University Press.
Giddens，Anthony.1965.“The Suicide Problem in French Sociology.”In Emile Durkheim：Critical Assessments，volume II，edited by Peter Hamilton.London：Routledge，1990：52-68.
Gurevich，Aaron.1995.The Origins of European Individualism.Oxford：Blackwell.
Halbwachs，Maurice.1978.The Causes of Suicide，translated by Harold Goldblatt.London：Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hynes，E.1975.“Suicide and Homo Duplex：An Interpretation of Durkheim’s Typology of Suicide.”The Sociological Quarterly 16：87-104.
LaCapra，Dominick.1972.Emile Durkheim：Sociologist and Philosopher.Ithaca：Cornell University Press.
Lester，David (ed.).1994.Emile Durkheim：Le Suicide One Hundred Years Later. Philadelphia：The Charles Press.
Lockwood，David.1992.Solidarity and Schism：The Problem of Disorder in Durkheimian and Marxist Sociology.Oxford：Oxford University Press.
Lukes，Steven.1967.“Alienation and Anomie.”In Emile Durkheim：Critical Assessments，volume II，edited by Peter Hamilton.London：Routledge，1990：77-97.
Lukes，Steven.1985.Emile Durkheim：His Life and Work. Stanford，California：Stanford University Press.
Mestrovic，Stjepan G.1991.The Coming Fin de Siècle：An Application of Durkheim’s Sociology to Modernity and Postmodernism.London：Routlegde.
Orru，Marco.1987.Anomie：History and Meanings. Boston：Allen & Unwin.
Parsons，Talcott.1968.The Structure of Social Action.New York：The Free Press.
Parsons，Talcott.1978.“A Paradigm of the Human Condition.”In Action Theory and the Human Condition.New York：The Free Press：355-433.
Pearce，Frank.2001.The Radical Durkheim，2nd Edition.Toronto：Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Pickering，W. S. F. and Geoffrey Walford (eds.).2000.Durkheim’s Suicide：A Century of Research and Debate.London：Routledge.
Taylor，Steven.1982.Durkheim and the Study of Suicide. London：The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Turner，Stephen.1996.“Durkheim Among the Statisticians.”In Emile Durkheim：Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists，volume III，edited by W. S. F. Pickering.London：Routledge，2001：69-98.

责任编辑：张军

Suicide and Modern Human Condition：On Durkheim’s “Typology of Suicides” Based on Homo Duples

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments