自然法的古今之变:《自然社会》的思想史评析

Abstract

Abstract:

The change from natural law to natural rights is a transformative event in the early history of modern political philosophy. It alters the way that a modern man understands his relationship with the society as well as the ethical foundation of political authority. The idea that political society was natural because it suited human nature was firmly rejected by the early modern political philosophy. Leading philosophers at the time began to see political society as an unnatural man-created entity of social contracts. Li Meng's Natural Society offers a methodical discussion of this paramount shift in the history of Western political philosophy. Like his previous works, Natural Society is a creative work of synthesis. This review recognizes Li's important contribution in the filed but also points out some significant omissions in his book. For instances, Li intentionally leaves out the crucial role of Christianity in denaturalizing natural law. In so doing, it hampers the reader's understanding of the transformation from classical natural law to modern natural rights. Li's uncritical adoption of Michel Villey's viewpoint, which has been decisively challenged by later studies, also prevents him to explore the concepts of "freedom" and "subjective rights" in Roman law and how equality, not rights, influences the formation of modern ideas.

Key words: natural society, social contract, natural law, natural rights, natural equality

ZHENG Ge. When Society Becomes Unnaturai: A Critique of Natural Society: Natural Law and the Formation of Modern Moral World[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2016, 36(6): 1-31.

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When Society Becomes Unnaturai: A Critique of Natural Society: Natural Law and the Formation of Modern Moral World

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