Abstract: Against the background of agricultural modernization，research on local governance has focused predominantly on the motivation of governmental behavior and its consequences but has failed to sufficiently reveal the tension between the logic of governmental industry policies and the concrete production practice of farmers. Similarly，the anthropological study on the authenticity of things has emphasized the impact of the cultural constructs of dominant consumer groups on producers but has overlooked the production rationality on the part of local producers. Taking the dual perspective of industry governance and authenticity，this paper points out the conspiratorial relationship between the local governmental industrial policy and the cultural construction of consumer market，and emphasizes the resilience and vitality of the tea farmers with production flexibility in dealing with this double pressure from governments and consumers. More specifically，the promotion of the tea industry under the name of “authenticity” by local governments is in fact to essentially transform the traditional ways of production into a large-scale standardized production，so as to guide and cater to the cultural imagination of the consumer market. However，this insistence on uniformity and non-historical authenticity stands in stark contrast to the flexibility of the tea farmers who adapts production and sales to suit production techniques，growing seasons，and social relations. In contrast to the government's strategy of authenticity to keep with a well-defined “tradition”，the tea farmers have their own logic of production and sales，adjusting to time，soil and market. Though the government's strategy of authenticity had some success in the past，but in the long run，farmers' flexible method is more suitable for the complex，changeable and multi-level market.

Key words: agricultural modernization, industrial governance, practice of production, authenticity, the logic of change