Abstract: The labor arrangement of industrial society makes" production and reproduction" a contradiction that is both separate and interdependent. One of the significant consequences brought by this is to re-establish the responsibilities and boundaries of production and reproduction between modern state, market, family, and gender. After the genocide of 1994, Rwanda has made world-renowned achievements in advancing gender equality, especially women's participation in politics. It is the "double full-time producers" model that continuously sustain this huge achievement, which means that female leaders not only bear the high-demanding production responsibility comparable to men, but also undertake heavy social reproduction labor. The public policy of Rwanda has assumed a dual role in this process:on the one hand, the state has promulgated a series of gender equality bills, policies, and measures from top to bottom to actively promote women's equal rights in various fields, especially political participation; On the other hand, under the background of severe labor shortage and insufficient public care facilities after the genocide, the Rwandan government has maintained and strengthened the responsibility of private family for social reproduction, while the traditional family structure and community culture's share of reproduction responsibility has been irreversibly weakened during the conflict and modernization process. While these female leaders rely on their individual strategies and informal social support systems to cope with the dual burden, they still face scrutiny and doubts from the community culture. The consensus on the destiny of the country's development and the sharing of historical responsibilities demonstrated by the Rwandan female leaders have many similarities with the Chinese Women's Liberation Movement, which also provides important inspiration and reference for us to rethinking the path of women's liberation characterized by economic independence and "the supremacy of production".

Key words: state, gender, family, modernization, production-reproduction