社会生活中的具体与抽象——兼论“过程—事件分析”

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常人方法学对行动的策略性与局部性的研究是以默认行动的索引性，尤其是以抽象索引为基础的，这一点体现了它与帕森斯社会学的衔接关系，但常人方法学在后来的发展中逐渐放弃了对抽象索引的考虑，陷入了孤立强调行动者能动性的个人主义。一种完备的社会本体论应兼顾抽象索引和行动者能动性两种要素，并且应认识到抽象索引在型塑社会进程中的基础地位。以这种本体论来看，在中国大陆学界颇具影响的“过程—事件分析”也存在孤立地研究行动的问题，因其忽略社会抽象性的一面，从而大大限制了该策略的解释力。通过理论梳理，本文认为，在方法论上，可将社会学对于社会抽象性的分析概括为四种策略，其中有展示策略和解释策略之分。

关键词: 社会本体论 , 常人方法学 , 索引性 , 抽象索引 , “过程—事件分析”

Abstract:

Enthromethodology bases studying the strategicness and locality of action on recognizing the indexity in action, especially its abstract indexity. Thus, enthromethodology demonstrates its continuity from Parsons’ sociology. However, in later development, enthromethodology has gradually given up abstract indexity and gotten entrapped into individualism emphasizing the agency of the action taker in an isolated way. Complete social ontology should consider the two elements of abstract indexity and the agency in social action, and should also recognize abstract indexity as its basis. From this perspective, we can see the same drawback in the influential “processevent analysis” adopted by the academia in Mainland China, namely, its isolated way of studying action that has ignored the abstractness in sociality, thus substantially reducing its strategic explanatory power. This paper proposes that, through theoretical reviews and at the methodology level, sociological analysis of social abstractness can be categorized into four strategies, which can be further differentiated into demonstration strategies and explanatory strategies.

Key words: social ontology , Ethnomethodology , indexity , abstract indexity , processevent analysis

李化斗. 社会生活中的具体与抽象——兼论“过程—事件分析”[J]. 社会杂志.

Li Huadou. Concreteness and Abstractness in Social Life: A Brief Comment on the “ProcessEvent Analysis”[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

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