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知识分子与政治

作者:李钧鹏 美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系   

  1. 作者:李钧鹏 美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系  
  • 出版日期:2011-09-20 发布日期:2011-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 作者:李钧鹏 美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系 E-mail:jl3023@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:作者:李钧鹏〓美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系（Author：Li Junpeng，Department of Sociology，Columbia University，USA）

The Intellectual and Politics

Author：Li Junpeng，Department of Sociology，Columbia University，USA.   

  1. Li Junpeng，Department of Sociology，Columbia University，USA.
  • Online:2011-09-20 Published:2011-09-20
  • Contact: Li Junpeng，Department of Sociology，Columbia University，USA. E-mail:jl3023@hotmail.com
  • About author:作者:李钧鹏〓美国哥伦比亚大学社会学系（Author：Li Junpeng，Department of Sociology，Columbia University，USA）

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摘要：

由于道德主义的困扰和内在连贯的分析框架的缺乏，知识分子社会学在学科传统内一直处于边缘化的窘境。目前，对“知识分子”主流定义的本体性假设正在受到质疑，而知识分子作为一种边界划分的过程和后果以及有关知识分子的阶级性等问题开始受到关注。在关于知识分子社会角色定性的问题上存在着教化与颠覆这两种不同的基本立场；而关于其意识来源，传统的研究结论则可以被归纳为经济决定论、社会决定论、场域塑造论与参照群体论。近十年来，新一轮思想社会学的兴起对传统范式构成了一系列挑战。本文认为，作为一种回应，通过将知识分子的政治意识由自变量重构为因变量，有望在知识分子研究领域形成一场以分析社会学为导向的变革，而知识场域、惯习、自我概念、亚文化认同与知识轨迹等概念可以帮助我们提出一个初步的政治认识论框架。

关键词: 知识分子 , 政治 , 政治意识 , 政治认识论 , 分析社会学

Abstract:

As a consequence of moralism and lack of a coherent analytical framework, sociology of the intellectual has been in the marginal area of tradition sociology. At present, the ontological premise of the intellectual has come under question, but issues like the intellectual being viewed as a boundarymaking process and their class characteristics have attracted some attention. With respect to intellectuals’ nature as a class, there exist three broad analytical traditions: intellectuals as classinthemselves, intellectuals as classless, and intellectuals as classbound. Civility and subversion are the two basic views of the social roles played by the intellectual. Conclusions from traditional research on intellectuals’ ideologies can be classified into economic determinism, social determinism, field theory, and reference group theory. In the last decade, the new sociology of ideas has emerged and it challenges the old paradigm. In response, we need to treat intellectuals’ political orientation as an “independent variable” rather than a “dependent variable” in order to start a reform in studying intellectuals that is directed toward analytical sociology. In this regard, concepts such as the intellectual field, habitus, selfconcept, subcultural identity, and intellectual trajectory can help us formulate a new theoretical framework of political epistemology.

Key words: the intellectual ,   politics ,   political orientation ,   political epistemology ,   analytical sociology