一叶知秋：从一个乡镇的村庄选举看中国社会的制度变迁

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过中国北方一个乡镇村庄选举的个案研究，分析讨论了基层选举这一制度的历史演变过程，特别是在2006年的最新一轮选举中，正式选举制度的实施有了重要突破，镇政府在很大程度上退出了干预活动，并在维护程序的公正方面起到了重要的作用，使村庄选举程序逐渐走上了正轨，选举结果基本体现了村庄的民意。基于这一案例，本文特别着眼于制度变迁的机制和过程分析，提出了两个基本命题：第一，制度变迁不是来自于政府的理性设计，而是由不同领域中互为独立的多重过程在特定时间、地点的互动作用所导致的；第二，中国制度变迁的研究工作应该从理论方法上有一个新的突破，即关注多重过程的相互作用，特别是制度变迁的初始条件和历史过程，并提出相应的理论解释。

关键词: 村庄选举, 基层政府, 制度变迁, 环境运动 , 公民参与 , 社会运动 , 群体性事件

Abstract:

Based on ethnographic research on village elections and related episodes in a township in Northern China， this study offers close observations and sensemaking of the processes that contributed to the success， especially in terms of procedural fairness， in carrying out village elections in this town in 2006. Focusing on the shifting role of the township government in this process， I argue and demonstrate that the observed success resulted from the interplay among multiple， often disparate processes， events in distant areas， and unintended consequences of state policies， some of which had evolved over more than a decade. This recognition points to the importance of local contexts， historical processes， and institutional specificity in understanding the ongoing societal transformation in China.

Key words: village election, local governments, institutional change, environmental movement， citizen participation， social movement， mass event

周雪光. 一叶知秋：从一个乡镇的村庄选举看中国社会的制度变迁[J]. 社会杂志, 2009, 29(3): 1-23.

ZHOU Xue-Guang. Can a Falling Leaf Tell the Coming of the Autumn? Making Sense of Village Elections in a Township and in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2009, 29(3): 1-23.

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