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1982-2000：我国非农职业的性别隔离研究

吴愈晓1; 吴晓刚2   

    1. 山东大学哲学与社会发展学院社会学系
    2. 香港科技大学社会科学部
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-11-20 发布日期:2008-11-20

A Study on the Sex Segregation in Non-Agricultural Occupations in China in 1982-2000

Wu Yuxiao1; Wu Xiaogang2   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-11-20 Published:2008-11-20

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摘要： 本文利用中国1982年、1990年和2000年人口普查微观数据和详细的职业类别，探索了改革以来我国非农职业性别隔离的水平及其变化趋势，并表明这种变化对劳动力市场中的性别不平等所造成的影响。数据分析结果显示，20世纪80年代，我国非农职业的性别隔离总体水平呈上升趋势；而在90年代，非农职业的性别隔离水平却呈下降趋势。我们认为导致这种非线性变化趋势的原因在于，在不同的历史阶段，影响职业性别隔离的主要因素发生了变化。我们还发现，不同地区、不同职业类型、不同教育程度或户口性质的就业人员，其职业性别间隔离程度有着明显的差异。

关键词: 职业的性别隔离, 劳动力市场, 性别不平等, 市场转型

Abstract: Based on the census data in 1982， 1990 and 2000 and detailed occupation categories， this paper discusses the degree of the sex segregation in non-agricultural occupations in China and its change trend since the reform as well as its impact on the gender inequality in the labor market. The results have indicated that occupational sex segregation experienced a directional shift from an increasing trend in the 1980s to a decreasing trend in the 1990s. This nonlinearity could be the consequence of the changes of the major factors influencing occupational sex segregation in different historical periods. The extent of sex segregation was also found to vary significantly by region， occupation， employees’ education， and residential registration status （hukou）. Moreover， since the open reform， the nonagricultural occupations in China have followed a trend toward gender integration （gender neutrality）. Finally， the paper discusses several factors that may have influenced occupational sex segregation in China and the direction for future studies upon this topic.

Key words: gender inequality, labor market, market transition, occupational sex segregation