社会杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 24-49.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

帝室与外家：西汉政治中的家族伦理

杭苏红   

  1. 杭苏红  北京大学社会学系
  • 出版日期:2012-07-20 发布日期:2012-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 杭苏红 北京大学社会学系 E-mail:mooduoo@pku.edu.cn E-mail:mooduoo@pku.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杭苏红 北京大学社会学系
  • 基金资助:

    本文的写作缘起于“中西传统比较研究”课程，黄春高、周飞舟、李猛三位老师的讲授与讨论为文章思路的形成奠定了基础；与导师佟新老师的讨论也让笔者获益匪浅。该文初稿曾在“婚与丧：在传统与现代之间”研讨会（北京大学，2011）、黑格尔读书小组讨论会（北京，2011）、社会理论工作坊暨文化社会学圆桌会议（上海大学，2012）上宣读，得到参会学者（特别是渠敬东、舒炜、林鹄、孙秀林、傅春晖、谭明智等）的点评与建议，在此一并致谢。文责自负。

Imperial Family and Royal Relatives: Family Ethics in the Western Han Politics

HANG Suhong   

  1. Department of Sociology, Peking University
  • Online:2012-07-20 Published:2012-07-20
  • Contact: HANG Suhong，Department of Sociology, Peking University E-mail:mooduoo@pku.edu.cn
  • About author:HANG Suhong，Department of Sociology, Peking University

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摘要：

随着先秦封建宗法的衰败，秦汉帝国建立了皇帝制度。与之相随的，是西汉外戚势力的极大发展。从这一现象出发，本文试图探寻出一条理解中国传统政治中“家国关系”的新思路。基于对“恩泽侯表”、“百官公卿表”等史料中外戚受爵人数及方式，外戚为官者人数等的统计分析，并结合具体历史文献，本文认为，西汉外戚通过“以亲受爵”的方式广泛地占有社会身份等级中的上层地位，并占有三公九卿、“大司马***将军”等官职中相对大的比重，影响着整个西汉政治的发展。这种现象的产生，一方面同西汉分封同姓诸侯国所造成的中央势弱的“形势”有关，另一方面根源于以“亲亲”与“义”为根基的家族伦理，后者维系着姻亲家族间的支持，从而为西汉帝室与外戚之间联系的形成，奠定了基础。由此，我们可以一窥西汉政治中“家”与“国”的同构性。

关键词: 以亲受爵, 家族伦理, 家国同构

Abstract:

Abstract： With the decline of the feudal patriarchal system in the preQin Dynasty, Qin and Han Empires established the emperor system. This was accompanied with the great development of royal relatives in the Western Han Dynasty. From this phenomenon, this article attempts to get a new way to understand “the relations of home and country” in traditional Chinese politics. Based on the statistical analyses of the number of royal relatives who were awarded with official positions and the awarding channels in the “Tables of Enze Hou” and “Tables of One Hundred of Officials,” and the relevant historical documents, the author has concluded that royal relatives in the Western Han Dynasty obtained extensive upper positions in the social hierarchy by the method of “Being Marquis as Relatives”(以亲受爵). They were the major constituent in the sectors of “three councillors and nine ministers” (三公九卿) and “generals/commandersinchief” (大司马将军), having affected the entire political development of the Western Han Dynasty. This phenomenon was related to the weak “situation” as a result of subinfeudating vassals with the same surname. The second reason was rooted in the family ethics that had “kinship” and “righteousness” as its foundation , which was the pillar for the marriagebased familial connected support, and, laid down the groundwork for the formation of the Western Han imperial family and its relatives. In this sense, we can glimpse into the isomorphism of “home” and “state” in the Western Han politics.

Key words: being Marquis as relatives, family ethics, isomorphism of “home” and “state”