社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 94-126.

• 专题二:族群、阶级与国家 • 上一篇    下一篇

工人、资本与国家:理解工人阶级研究的关系视角

毛丹1, 张洪2   

  1. 1. 浙江大学社会学系、浙江大学地方政府与社会治理研究中心;
    2. 浙江大学政治学系
  • 出版日期:2017-01-20 发布日期:2017-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 毛丹,E-mail:maodo@zju.edu.cn E-mail:maodo@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究受国家社科基金重点课题“社会建设中的政府规制研究”（11ASH005）的资助

Workers,Capital and the State: A Relational Perspective on the Study of Working Class

MAO Dan1, ZHANG Hong2   

  1. 1. Department of Sociology, Center for Local Government Studies, Zhejiang University;
    2. Department of Politics, Zhejiang University
  • Online:2017-01-20 Published:2017-01-20
  • Supported by:

    This research is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (11ASH005)

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摘要：

阶级实体和概念都是关系性的，工人阶级的状况和性质需要从工人、国家、资本三方关系的形成与变化入手进行考察。在资本主义国家中，国家在三方关系中占据中心位置，对劳资关系和工人阶级具有塑造能力，国家并非只会选择做优势阶级的刻板代言人；劳资矛盾是否激化以及工人阶级成为秩序合作者还是激进行动者，与国家如何定位和处理劳资关系有关。社会学的阶级分析在当代还有没有潜力很大程度上也取决于国家在劳资问题上的角色与措施，可能缓解工人对国家和资本的对抗性、促使工人转变成秩序的合作者，也可能激发工人的对抗意识。如果是前者，阶级分析会因劳资对抗问题的缓解而不再具有重大的政治和社会意义；如果是后者，阶级分析就不仅是恰当的理论分析工具，还具有重大的实践内涵。上述视角可能也适用于研究社会主义国家的工人问题。

关键词: 国家, 社会转型, 工人阶级

Abstract:

In recent years, the problem of labor and labor-capital conflicts in China has caused deep concerns. Sociologists are confronted with the question of why the typical working class issue of labor-capital clash occurs in frequency in a socialist country but not in the developed capitalist countries. Should this phenomenon be regarded as normal social problems? Or a target area of social class analysis? How much is the relevance of the waning social class analysis of classical sociology to this issue? Through an in-depth literature review this paper suggests a state-centered interpretation that sees class and its conception as relational. The status as well as the nature of the working class has to be analyzed through a triangle relationship between workers, capitalists and the state. In a capitalist society, the state dominates this triangle relationship and is capable of shaping the working class and molding the relationship between labor and capital. The state does not behave merely as the stereotyped spokesman for the dominant class. How the state handles the relation between labor and capital determines the intensity of the conflicts and whether the working class acts as agitators or cooperators. Similarly, whether the sociological class analysis still has its potential in contemporary society is determined by the role and the policies of the state in dealing with the relation between labor and capital. By its action, the state can either help dissolve social antagonism and incorporate the working class into order and cooperation, or provoke workers' opposition. Under the former situation, the significance of sociological class analysis would become much less apparent, however, under the latter, class analysis is not just an appropriate theoretical analytic tool but also has great significance in practice. This perspective is also applicable to the working class issues in socialist countries.

Key words: working class, social transformation, the state