Abstract: The religious resurgence in the world and its politicization since the 1970s is an expressed form of social movements in the globalization context. As a religious movement, religious fundamentalism and terrorism represent a protest to the main ideology of globalization and an alternative to it, which may be defined as one type of cultural politics or identity politics. As the most prominent fundamentalism and terrorism, political Islam reflects the general characteristics of social and religious movements at the global level on one side, and is the product of American hegemonism and ideology on the other side. Against Huntington’s perspective on conflict and civic life, the author believes that the contemporary religious politics may manifest the clash between different forms of fundamentalism rather than between diverse civilizations.

Key words: globalization, fundamentalism, terrorism, religious politics