Chinese Journal of Sociology

Stepping out of the “Public” into the “Private” Sector： An Analysis of the Infiltration of the Government into Local Chambers of Commerce

Liu Shiding

2010, 30(1): 1-21.

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This article analyzes the operation of four local chambers of commerce in a South Jiangsu town with a special focus on the township government’s behavior as it gave up its control over the assets of these enterprises while at the same time actively infiltrated into these local chambers of commerce which were formed by private business owners． The paper describes the characteristics of these organizations with the government having already infiltrated in， discusses why the government needed them， what the business owners had them for， why the government wanted to get into them， and how the business owners accepted the government’s infiltration． This discussion will enable one to obtain an understanding of the role that the state political system played in controlling and managing the private property ownership rights．

Stepping out of the “Public” into the “Private” Sector： An Analysis of the Infiltration of the Government into Local Chambers of Commerce

Liu Shiding

2010, 30(1): 1-21.

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This article analyzes the operation of four local chambers of commerce in a South Jiangsu town with a special focus on the township government’s behavior as it gave up its control over the assets of these enterprises while at the same time actively infiltrated into these local chambers of commerce which were formed by private business owners． The paper describes the characteristics of these organizations with the government having already infiltrated in， discusses why the government needed them， what the business owners had them for， why the government wanted to get into them， and how the business owners accepted the government’s infiltration． This discussion will enable one to obtain an understanding of the role that the state political system played in controlling and managing the private property ownership rights．

Frame Alignment in the Election Mobilization： A Case Study of the Officer Election for Yinxing Residential Committee

LiuChunrong

2010, 30(1): 22-45.

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Studies on the “shifts in culture and constructivism” in social movements and collective actions have highlighted frame alignment as an important mechanism for bottomup mobilization， but few have devoted to examining this process in topdown massive actions． In addition， there is a need to further understand the driving mechanism of frame analysis at middle levels． This paper uses a case study of an election of officers for a Shanghai residential committee to explore the frame formation and alignment in the election mobilization． It demonstrates that the election committee and its affiliated activists’ network shaped an inclusive mobilization structure that strategically synthesized the policy language from the state and the residents’ varying attitudes toward the election， and also aligned the expressive frames of democratic rights， neighborhood nostalgia， and community identity at every phase in the mobilization， which consequentially led to greater consensus and participation． This finding indicates that frame alignment and social structure are inseparable and that frame aligning is grounded in specific social networks．

Frame Alignment in the Election Mobilization： A Case Study of the Officer Election for Yinxing Residential Committee

Liu Chunrong

2010, 30(1): 22-45.

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Studies on the “shifts in culture and constructivism” in social movements and collective actions have highlighted frame alignment as an important mechanism for bottomup mobilization， but few have devoted to examining this process in topdown massive actions． In addition， there is a need to further understand the driving mechanism of frame analysis at middle levels． This paper uses a case study of an election of officers for a Shanghai residential committee to explore the frame formation and alignment in the election mobilization． It demonstrates that the election committee and its affiliated activists’ network shaped an inclusive mobilization structure that strategically synthesized the policy language from the state and the residents’ varying attitudes toward the election， and also aligned the expressive frames of democratic rights， neighborhood nostalgia， and community identity at every phase in the mobilization， which consequentially led to greater consensus and participation． This finding indicates that frame alignment and social structure are inseparable and that frame aligning is grounded in specific social networks．

Political Participation of RuraltoUrban Migrants： An Aspect of Social Network Analysis

Sun Xiulin

2010, 30(1): 46-68.

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With quickened urbanization in China， many rural migrants have settled down in cities． Their social inclusion in the urban communities and involvement in public affairs are crucial to the future urban development and social integration in China． Using the data of 2009 Shanghai Social Network and Occupation History Survey， this study empirically tested the relationships of social networks with the rural-to-urban migrants’ political participation from the social network perspective． The following findings were obtained： The “New Year Greeting Network” has a negative effect with the political participation of urban residents （both those with regular urban household registration and those without-i．e．， the rural-to-urban migrants）; the “Discussion Network” has positive effect on the migrants’ political participation only; and the “Social Participation Network” shows the most significant positive effect on political participation for both urban citizens and migrants． And furthermore， Social Participation Network has a bigger effect for migrants than for local citizens；And furthermore， “Social Participation Network” has a stronger effect for the migrant group than for the local group．

Political Participation of RuraltoUrban Migrants： An Aspect of Social Network Analysis

Sun Xiulin

2010, 30(1): 46-68.

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With quickened urbanization in China， many rural migrants have settled down in cities． Their social inclusion in the urban communities and involvement in public affairs are crucial to the future urban development and social integration in China． Using the data of 2009 Shanghai Social Network and Occupation History Survey， this study empirically tested the relationships of social networks with the ruraltourban migrants’ political participation from the social network perspective． The following findings were obtained： The “New Year Greeting Network” has a negative effect with the political participation of urban residents （both those with regular urban household registration and those withouti．e．， the ruraltourban migrants）; the “Discussion Network” has positive effect on the migrants’ political participation only; and the “Social Participation Network” shows the most significant positive effect on political participation for both urban citizens and migrants． And furthermore， Social Participation Network has a bigger effect for migrants than for local citizens；And furthermore， “Social Participation Network” has a stronger effect for the migrant group than for the local group．

Influence of Human Capital on the SocioEconomic Status in the Chinese Labor Market

Li Peilin, Tian Feng

2010, 30(1): 69-87.

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This paper tries to answer the question why the income gap tends to be continuously increasing despite the growing educational returns in China． Based on the data of a largescale survey （GSS2008，CASS） conducted in 2008 by the Institute of Sociology， Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， this paper analyzes the influence of the human capital indicated by years of education， skill levels， and working experience on people’s socioeconomic status （SES） in the labor market． The SES is defined by incomes and Social Security status． The data analysis has led to the finding that the differences in the returns on education are decided by human capital factors， whereas the differences in the Social Security status are due to institutional factors such as the Hukou or household registration system． The conclusion is that the dualistic nature of the Chinese labor market determines the social stratification mechanism in China．

Influence of Human Capital on the SocioEconomic Status in the Chinese Labor Market

Li Peilin ,Tian Feng

2010, 30(1): 69.

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This paper tries to answer the question why the income gap tends to be continuously increasing despite the growing educational returns in China． Based on the data of a largescale survey （GSS2008，CASS） conducted in 2008 by the Institute of Sociology， Chinese Academy of Social Sciences， this paper analyzes the influence of the human capital indicated by years of education， skill levels， and working experience on people’s socioeconomic status （SES） in the labor market． The SES is defined by incomes and Social Security status． The data analysis has led to the finding that the differences in the returns on education are decided by human capital factors， whereas the differences in the Social Security status are due to institutional factors such as the Hukou or household registration system． The conclusion is that the dualistic nature of the Chinese labor market determines the social stratification mechanism in China．

How High can “Male Phoenix” Fly： Men’s upward Mobility from the Rural to NonRural Status in China

Lin Yi

2010, 30(1): 88-108.

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Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey， this paper analyzes men’s intragenerational mobility from the rural to nonrural status relying upon rank levels and rank categories． These men generally have decent jobs and are likely to be promoted， but they tend to be at disadvantage when they have risen from the middle level to the advanced level． They are very much unlikely to get advancement in administration or highlevel management outside their profession although they may enjoy advantages in professional rank promotion． Lacking of social capital is thought to be one of the potential culprits．

How High can “Male Phoenix” Fly： Men’s upward Mobility from the Rural to NonRural Status in China

Lin Yi

2010, 30(1): 88.

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Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey， this paper analyzes men’s intragenerational mobility from the rural to nonrural status relying upon rank levels and rank categories． These men generally have decent jobs and are likely to be promoted， but they tend to be at disadvantage when they have risen from the middle level to the advanced level． They are very much unlikely to get advancement in administration or highlevel management outside their profession although they may enjoy advantages in professional rank promotion． Lacking of social capital is thought to be one of the potential culprits．

Human Capital， Labor Market Segmentation and Income Distribution

Wang Fuqin

2010, 30(1): 109-126.

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There are two theoretical approaches based on individualism and structuralism when explaining the inequality of income distribution． The former emphasizes the human capital as the dominant factor that generates personal incomes; the latter stresses how structural factors such as social class or strata structure and labor market structure influence incomes． The author has developed a basic income distribution model that integrates the two theoretical approaches and also incorporates human capital， labor market structure and their interaction． Model testing using the data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2003（CGSS2003） has provided strong support for the hypothesis that human capital is the decisive factor for income distribution; however， it has also indicated that the influences of the market segmenting the labor force should not be neglected． An interaction effect exists between the human capital and the labor market structure． Workers who possess more human capital may have more opportunities to get into the state sector （both monopolies and nonmonopolies）， which provides its workers with more opportunities to have their human capital enhanced．

Human Capital， Labor Market Segmentation and Income Distribution

Wang Fuqin

2010, 30(1): 109.

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There are two theoretical approaches based on individualism and structuralism when explaining the inequality of income distribution． The former emphasizes the human capital as the dominant factor that generates personal incomes; the latter stresses how structural factors such as social class or strata structure and labor market structure influence incomes． The author has developed a basic income distribution model that integrates the two theoretical approaches and also incorporates human capital， labor market structure and their interaction． Model testing using the data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2003（CGSS2003） has provided strong support for the hypothesis that human capital is the decisive factor for income distribution; however， it has also indicated that the influences of the market segmenting the labor force should not be neglected． An interaction effect exists between the human capital and the labor market structure． Workers who possess more human capital may have more opportunities to get into the state sector （both monopolies and nonmonopolies）， which provides its workers with more opportunities to have their human capital enhanced．

A Study on RuralUrban Migrants’ Practical Strategies for Social Inclusion： Towards a Community Inclusion Approach

Liu Jian-e

2010, 30(1): 127-151.

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This study took the community inclusion approach to explore ruralurban migrants’ practical strategies for social inclusion in China． The author summarized the migrants’ practical strategies for community inclusion in four categoriesorganizational strategies， professional strategies， policy action， and culture inclusionso that communities could respond to the migrants’ general needs， provide institutional support， improve the policy environment， and cultivate an inclusive culture in a timely manner． The author also proposed that， building upon the research on community businesses， it was important to develop a theoretical model to promote the migrants’ overall social inclusion， which should use both the broad crosscommunity perspective and the indepth decisionmaking perspective to help the migrants’ social capital grow and shift from the rural to the urban so that their overall social inclusion could become a reality．

A Study on RuralUrban Migrants’ Practical Strategies for Social Inclusion： Towards a Community Inclusion Approach

Liu Jian-E

2010, 30(1): 127.

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This study took the community inclusion approach to explore ruralurban migrants’ practical strategies for social inclusion in China． The author summarized the migrants’ practical strategies for community inclusion in four categoriesorganizational strategies， professional strategies， policy action， and culture inclusionso that communities could respond to the migrants’ general needs， provide institutional support， improve the policy environment， and cultivate an inclusive culture in a timely manner． The author also proposed that， building upon the research on community businesses， it was important to develop a theoretical model to promote the migrants’ overall social inclusion， which should use both the broad crosscommunity perspective and the indepth decisionmaking perspective to help the migrants’ social capital grow and shift from the rural to the urban so that their overall social inclusion could become a reality．

Social Adaption of Professional Alien Residents in China

Liu Wei

2010, 30(1): 152-177.

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This paper analyzed the indepth interviews of 30 professional alien residents in China． By examining this strong group of urban alien residents， the study aimed at an understanding of the characteristics of their sociocultural cognition and social adaption while living and working in the cities of China． The author also made several hypotheses about the social adaption of this powerful group of alien residents．

Social Adaption of Professional Alien Residents in China

Liu Wei

2010, 30(1): 152.

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This paper analyzed the indepth interviews of 30 professional alien residents in China． By examining this strong group of urban alien residents， the study aimed at an understanding of the characteristics of their sociocultural cognition and social adaption while living and working in the cities of China． The author also made several hypotheses about the social adaption of this powerful group of alien residents．

Devaluing the “Instrumental” Approach： Formation and Practice of a “New Concept on Health”： Village Li in Shaoxing

Yao Zelin

2010, 30(1): 178-204.

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There has been little research in China’s academia on medicine， diseases， and health from the perspective of medical sociology． Based on the data from a village located in the Yangzi River Delta Region， this research attempted to discuss the change in the villagers’ views on health from preliberation to date． By describing and comparing the old and new concept on health， this paper focuses on the contents of the change and the drive behind the change． The villagers have increasingly attached a high value to health and devalued the instrumental approach． The economic development and raised living standards brought about by modernization are the most important drive for the formation of the new concept on health， whereas the state has played only a tiny role． The paper concludes that views on health can serve as an angle to look at modernization as well as a new window through which statepeasant relationships can be studied．

Devaluing the “Instrumental” Approach： Formation and Practice of a “New Concept on Health”： Village Li in Shaoxing

Yao Zelin

2010, 30(1): 178.

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There has been little research in China’s academia on medicine， diseases， and health from the perspective of medical sociology． Based on the data from a village located in the Yangzi River Delta Region， this research attempted to discuss the change in the villagers’ views on health from preliberation to date． By describing and comparing the old and new concept on health， this paper focuses on the contents of the change and the drive behind the change． The villagers have increasingly attached a high value to health and devalued the instrumental approach． The economic development and raised living standards brought about by modernization are the most important drive for the formation of the new concept on health， whereas the state has played only a tiny role． The paper concludes that views on health can serve as an angle to look at modernization as well as a new window through which statepeasant relationships can be studied．

May the Subaltern Have a Voice：A Critical Review of the “BitternessExpressing” Genre

Ma Dandan

2010, 30(1): 205.

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The author has reviewed the special genre of “bitterness expressing” in the Chinese experience． This genre covers a variety of bitternessexpressing narratives， the purpose of which is not for discharging bitterness itself but for criticizing the national genealogy via the “bitternessexpressing” genre． The controlling energy of the possessed entailed in the major identity cultivated by the bitternessexpressing power has taken in a buffered region coconstructed by the researchers of the subaltern and the desire of the major identity． Nevertheless， due to the critics of the national genealogy being dependent， the nodes in the “bitternessexpressing” genre dismantling the enclosed modern fables， the extended sufferings differentiating the subaltern， and the division of the civilian being delayed， the predicament of the intellectuals’ “intermediation” has thus been revealed．

May the Subaltern Have a Voice：A Critical Review of the “BitternessExpressing” Genre

Ma Dandan

2010, 30(1): 205-235.

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The author has reviewed the special genre of “bitterness expressing” in the Chinese experience． This genre covers a variety of bitternessexpressing narratives， the purpose of which is not for discharging bitterness itself but for criticizing the national genealogy via the “bitternessexpressing” genre． The controlling energy of the possessed entailed in the major identity cultivated by the bitternessexpressing power has taken in a buffered region coconstructed by the researchers of the subaltern and the desire of the major identity． Nevertheless， due to the critics of the national genealogy being dependent， the nodes in the “bitternessexpressing” genre dismantling the enclosed modern fables， the extended sufferings differentiating the subaltern， and the division of the civilian being delayed， the predicament of the intellectuals’ “intermediation” has thus been revealed．

The Development and Expansion of Organizational Sociology：An Overview of the 2009 （6th） Empirical Research Methodology in Organizational Sociology Workshop

Di Jinhua

2010, 30(1): 236-240.

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