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自我行动与自主经营——理解中国人何以将自主经营当作其参与市场实践的首选方式

汪和建

  

  1. 汪和建 南京大学社会学系南京大学中国社会与文化研究中心教授
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-11-20 发布日期:2007-11-20

SelfAction and SelfManagement: Understanding Why the Chinese People Regard SelfManagement as Their First Choice in Market Practice

Wang Hejian   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-11-20 Published:2007-11-20

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摘要： 是什么决定着中国人将自主经营当作其参与市场实践的首选方式?本文的假设是,自我行动是影响和决定中国人选择自主经营这一市场实践方式的根本力量. 其中,源于自我主义的自治感是引导中国人偏爱以自主经营的方式参与市场实践的主观力量;而来自关系理性的亲友关系运作则是决定个体能否获取社会资源, 从而决定其能否实现自主经营的客观力量. 这一假设给出了有关中国私营企业成长的两个显著特征,即增长迅速,但其组织规模偏小的解释,同时,也使我们得以对中国人参与市场实践的两类变通性策略行动（即合伙经营和打工）及其后果作出一种延伸性的解释.

关键词:

亲友关系运作, 关系理性, 自治感, 自我主义

Abstract: What makes the Chinese people regard selfmanagement as their first choice in market practice? This paper presents the assumption that selfaction is the fundamental drive that influences and determines this choice. The sense of autonomy arising from the Self is the subjective force directing the Chinese to favor selfmanagement as a way of market participation; whereas operating upon the relations among family members and friends from the relational rationality is the objective force determining whether social resources can be obtained, and thereby, selfmanagement can be realized. This assumption gives explanations for the two prominent characteristics of Chinese private enterprises: rapid growth and small size. It also allows us to make an extended explanation for the two alternative strategies (i.e., shared management and employment) that the Chinese take in their market participation, and their consequences as well.

Key words: operation upon the relations among family members and friends, relational rationality, sense of autonomy, egoism