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苗村观察：村落研究中的调查者与当地人之间的交换——兼论人类学田野调查对少数民族社区的影响

谭华   

  1. 谭华;湖北民族学院新闻与传播学系讲师硕士
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-01-20 发布日期:2008-01-20

Observation of Village Miao： The SurveyorNative Exchange in the Village Research——the Influence of the Fieldwork of Anthropology on the Minority Community

Tan Hua   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-01-20 Published:2008-01-20

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摘要： 田野调查是人类学研究者最主要的活动方式,尽管研究者在从事田野工作时坚持一种“主位”策略对他文化进行观察,但是任何田野调查都是调查者所代表的社会文化与被调查者的社会文化之间的一种接触和互动,进入田野的方式明显带有社会文化的影响,所以研究者的行为势必会影响研究客体,在某种程度上促成了他文化的变迁。本文以鄂西南的一个苗族村庄为个案,通过对进村调查者与村民之间交往活动的分析,来考察人类学田野调查对民族社区的影响问题,从而为反思中国人类学田野调查提供一些经验性启示。

关键词: 田野调查, 社区, 交换, 少数民族

Abstract: Fieldwork is the uppermost research approach applied by the anthropologists. Even a researcher adopts the emic approach when observing another culture in the filed， the fieldwork is， as a matter of fact， a kind of contact and involves an interaction between the researcher’s culture and informants’ culture. The way that the researcher embarks on fieldwork obviously carries its sociocultural influence. Therefore， the researcher’s behavior will certainly affect the research object and bring about changes in the other culture in some way. With a village of Miao minority in southwestern Hubei as a case， this paper reviews the influence of the fieldwork of anthropology on the minority community via an analysis of the interaction between the investigators and the villagers， which may shed some light on our reflections upon the fieldwork in Chinese anthropology

Key words: fieldwork, community, exchange, ethnic minority