社会杂志

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

俄罗斯的社会转型与社会阶层分化

庄晓惠;侯钧生

  

  1. 庄晓惠;南开大学社会学系博士研究生;内蒙古财经学院副教授
    侯钧生;南开大学社会学系教授
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-03-20 发布日期:2008-03-20

The Social Transformation and Social Stratification in Russia

Zhuang Xiaohui ; Hou Junsheng

  

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-03-20 Published:2008-03-20

PDF

546

摘要： 20世纪80年代，俄罗斯社会开始转型，90年代以后，俄罗斯的社会阶层发生了明显的分化。本文主要从以下几个方面描述和分析俄罗斯的社会阶层分化：1、社会收入的差距（包括个人的收入差距，政府各部门之间、社会各行业之间的收入差距，俄罗斯区域间的收入差距）。2、“社会边缘群体”和“新贫困者”。“社会边缘群体”是一些不能确定自己的社会地位和群体归属的“被社会边缘化”的人群。“新贫困者”是指前苏联时期，以教授、工程师和医生等知识分子为主体的社会阶层，俄罗斯社会改革前，他们生活安逸，有很高的社会地位，而现在却生活艰难，变成了俄罗斯的穷人。3、新中产阶级。 俄罗斯在社会政治、经济转型过程中，旧的以知识分子为核心的社会中间阶层消失了，出现了新的以企业主为中心的中产阶级，俄罗斯新中产阶级的出现使俄罗斯的社会阶级结构发生了巨大的变化。

关键词: 俄罗斯, 社会转型, 社会阶层, 分化

Abstract:

Russia started to experience social transformation in the 1980s and in the next decade， new social stratification had obviously taken place there. This paper describes and analyses the gaps in social earnings as a result of the social stratification in Russia （gaps among individuals， government departments， industries， different regions in Russia）， as well as the “socially marginal group” and the “new poor class.” The “socially marginal group” refers to those who cannot ascertain their own social status or their class membership. The “new poor class” is the social class mainly composed of professors， engineers and doctors who used to live a comfortable life and enjoy a high social status in former USSR but are now experiencing hardships and have become poor. A new middle class of enterprisers has come into being in the course of the sociopolitical and economic transformation as the former social middle class represented by the intellect has dissolved， which has brought about a huge change in Russia's social class structure.

Key words: Russia, social transformation, social class, stratification