社会杂志

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象征差异与权力:试论布迪厄的象征支配理论

朱伟珏   

  1. 同济大学法政学院社会学系，副教授
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-05-20 发布日期:2008-05-20

Symbolic Distinction and Power：A Discussion about Bourdieu’s Theory of Symbolic Domination

Zhu Weijue   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-05-20 Published:2008-05-20

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摘要： 本文对布迪厄的文化支配理论进行了较为详尽的考察。布迪厄指出，象征差异以间接的方式从属于它们所表达与改变的经济差异。而且在象征体系内，上层阶级的生活方式总是占据支配性地位，并作为一种合法品味被广泛用来对下层阶级实施“象征暴力”。象征差异体现了一种等级关系和权力关系。布迪厄的文化（象征）支配理论不仅对我们理解文化在社会结构（各种支配关系和不平等关系）的生产与再生产过程中的重要作用有很大的帮助，而且也为我们剖析以各种不同形式影响和制约人类知觉、判断及行为的无形的权力作用，即“文化支配（象征支配）”的机制提供了全新的视角。

关键词: 布迪厄, 象征差异, 惯习, 权力, 文化正统性, 文化支配

Abstract: This article gives a detailed analysis of Bourdieu’s theory of cultural domination. As Bourdieu points out， symbolic distinction belongs in an indirect way to the economic differences that it reflects and changes. Within the symbolic system， the lifestyle of the upperclass is always at the dominant position， which is accepted as a legitimized taste standard to extensively exercise symbolic violence towards the lowerclass. Symbolic distinction embodies a stratified relational structure of power. Bourdieu’s theory of cultural （symbolic） domination serves not only as a way to help us understand the important functions of our social structures （various kinds of domination and unequal relationships） in the process of production and reproduction but also as a brand new perspective for us to examine the roles of the invisible power in its various forms that influences and controls consciousness and judgments of behaviors.

Key words: Bourdieu, cultural domination, cultural legitimacy, habitus, power, symbolic distinction