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草原沙漠化问题的一项环境人类学研究:以毛乌素沙地北部边缘的B嘎查为例

张雯   

  1. 南京大学社会学系
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-07-20 发布日期:2008-07-20

An Environmental Anthropology Approach to Grassland Desertification： Village B in Northern Maowusu Desert as an Example

Zhang Wen   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-07-20 Published:2008-07-20

摘要：

以毛乌素沙地北部边缘的B嘎查为例，本文从环境人类学的角度对草原沙漠化问题进行了考察。笔者主要关注20世纪80年代以来国家实施的一套现代制度（草畜承包制度和市场机制）和其中蕴涵的文化（“私有地”的观念和“自然资本化”的态度）如何改变当地牧民原有的放牧模式、经济形态、合作精神以及自然观念，并在一定程度上加深了草原沙漠化的程度，指出现代性与沙漠化之间具有的逻辑联系。

关键词: 沙漠化, 环境人类学, 现代性

Abstract:

Taking village B in northern Maowusu Desert as an example， this paper attempts to study the problem of grassland desertification in the perspective of environmental anthropology. The author analyzes how a set of modern systems （the responsibility system for grassland and livestock； market mechanisms） implemented by the state since the 1980s， and the culture that is embedded in them （concept of privately owned land； attitudes toward natural capitals） have changed the local people’s original herding pattern， economic mode， cooperation spirit and the ideas about the nature， which aggravated the problem of grassland desertification to some extent. The author points out the logical relationships between modernity and desertification.

Key words: modernity, environmental anthropology, desertification