社会杂志

• 组织与社会 • 上一篇    下一篇

当正式制度与非正式规范发生冲突：计划生育与宗族网络

彭玉生   

  1. 美国纽约城市大学研究生院、布鲁克林学院;
    上海高校社会学E研究院特聘研究员
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-01-20 发布日期:2009-01-20

When Formal Laws and Informal Norms Collide： Birth Control Policy and Lineage Networks

Peng Yusheng   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-01-20 Published:2009-01-20

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摘要： 中国宗族制度的核心是祖宗崇拜和传宗接代的香火观念。这种传统的文化规范与当前计划生育政策发生直接冲突。一方面，强大的国家机器毫不妥协地推行计划生育政策；另一方面，复兴的宗族网络支撑着古老的香火观念。虽然计划生育的严格推行大幅度地降低了生育率，但本文所分析的村级数据却发现宗族关系越强的村庄，其生育率越高，从而揭示了非正式规范是如何通过社会网络软化刚性的正式制度的。

关键词: 宗族, 社会网络, 正式制度, 非正式制度, 计划生育, 生育率

Abstract:

The core in the kinship system in China is ancestor worship and the idea of carrying on the family name through procreation. These cultural norms are in direct confrontation with the birth control policy in contemporary China. On the one side are the familyplanning laws backed by the powerful and unyielding state apparatus; on the other side are the ancient reproductive norms supported by reviving lineage networks. Even though the state has succeeded in reducing the overall birthrates dramatically， analyses of villagelevel data have shown that villages with strong kinship ties tend to have a higher birthrate. The study demonstrates how informal social networks can bend the iron bars of the formal institutions.

Key words: birth rate, family planning, formal system, informal system, lineage networks, social networks