家庭与市场：中国农村的非农就业模式探究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2005数据探讨了中国农村家庭的非农就业模式。随着农户家庭在集体农业的解体后成为重要的生产主体，部分农民从家庭农业中疏离而成为工薪阶层或者进入增长中的私营经济部门。本文的第一个模型采用logistic回归在个人层面估测已婚男性和女性在农业或者非农经济部门中就业的机会，第二个模型则探究在夫妇层面选择四种就业模式的可能性：夫妇双方，夫妇中的一方（丈夫或妻子），或者没有任何一方从事非农职业。两个模型支持了教育水平对非农就业机会的正面作用。妇女的就业方式对于祖父母的支持效应和子女的付出效应更为敏感，但祖父母所起的作用受到本身年龄的制约。同时，男性的就业优势对家庭在职业上的性别分工并没有显著的推动作用。模型结果也表明，家庭就业模式的形成是和市场层面的因素，如村庄的地理位置，经济发展特征和劳动力状况紧密联系在一起的。另外，东部和中部地区在提供非农就业机会方面，相对于西部地区具备了一定的优势条件。

关键词: 家庭 , 市场 , 非农就业 , 中国农村 , 性别

Abstract:

This study used the 2005 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to investigate nonagricultural employment in rural China. With China moving away from collective agriculture, rural households have begun to act as the basic unit of production, which has allowed some peasants to leave their family farms and join the paid labor force or participate in the flourishing private businesses. The first model applied logistic regression at the individual level to estimate the employment probabilities in agricultural versus nonagricultural sectors by married men versus married women. The second model was conducted at the couple level to estimate the likelihood of four nonagricultural employment outcomes： both spouses, neither spouses, husband, or wife. Both models confirmed positive correlations between education and nonagricultural employment. Women’s employment was more responsive to the presence of grandparents and young children in the household, with the former effect interacting with grandparents’ ages. The male employment privilege did not significantly affect the gender division in career within the family. The results also indicated that the employment pattern within the family was closely related to market factors such as the geographical location of the village, the economic developmental features, and the conditions of the labor force. In addition, better nonagricultural employment opportunities existed in the Eastern and Central regions than in the Western regions.

Key words: family , market , nonagricultural employment , rural China , sex

宋婧约翰·罗根. 家庭与市场：中国农村的非农就业模式探究[J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(5): 142-163.

Author1： Song Jing； Author2： John Logan.
Family and Market： Nonagricultural Employment in Rural China[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2010, 30(5): 142-163.

参考文献

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责任编辑：李聆
英文编校：Senwca Goodman

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