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锦标赛体制与中国省级开发区的增长——基于省级经验的研究

作者1：李国武 中央财经大学社会发展学院； 作者2: 侯佳伟 中央财经大学社会发展学院   

  1. 作者1：李国武 中央财经大学社会发展学院； 作者2: 侯佳伟 中央财经大学社会发展学院  
  • 出版日期:2011-03-21 发布日期:2011-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 李国武 中央财经大学社会发展学院 E-mail: leeguowu@126． com
  • 作者简介:作者1：李国武 中央财经大学社会发展学院； 作者2: 侯佳伟 中央财经大学社会发展学院
  • 基金资助:

    本研究得到中央财经大学“211工程”三期资助。
     

The Tournament System and the Growth of Provincial Development Zones in China: Evidence from Provinces  

 Li Guowu |: Hou Jiawei   

  1. Author 1: Li Guowu， College of Social Development, Central University of Finance and Economics； Author 2: Hou Jiawei，College of Social Development，Central University of Finance and Economics
  • Online:2011-03-21 Published:2011-03-21
  • Contact: Li Guowu， College of Social Development, Central University of Finance and Economics. E-mail: leeguowu@126． com
  • About author:Author 1: Li Guowu， College of Social Development, Central University of Finance and Economics； Author 2: Hou Jiawei，College of Social Development，Central University of Finance and Economics
  • Supported by:

    The research was funded by “211 Project” for Central University of Finance and Economics （the 3rd phase）

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摘要：

开发区是中国地方政府参与经济发展的重要方式。在“为增长而竞争”的背景下，中国的省级开发区在1984—2006年间大幅增加，其增长过程表现出明显的地区差异和时期波动。本文利用省级层面的面板数据，从“锦标赛体制”理论的角度具体研究了预算约束、省际竞争和国家制度变迁三个因素对中国省级开发区增长过程的影响。研究发现，虽然地方经济发展水平构成了地方政府设立开发区的重要预算约束，但是各省省级开发区所经历的并不是一个受自身资源约束支配的自然增长过程，国家制度变迁因素对这一过程的影响更大。具体而言，一方面，国家层面的制度变迁造成了省级开发区增长过程的时期波动（省内）；另一方面，国家区域发展政策的变动引发了省级开发区增长过程中区域数量差异（省际）的时期变动。虽然开发区数量在各省普遍大幅增长，但根据本文的测量方案，在省级开发区的年度新增数量上并不存在显著的省际竞争。对于锦标赛体制理论的适用性仍需更多实证研究的检验。

关键词: 地方政府  , 锦标赛体制理论,   集权—分权  , 制度变迁  , 省级开发区

Abstract:

Establishing Development Zones is an important means by which local governments in China partake in promoting the growth of local economy. In the context of “competing for growth,” there was a sharp increase in the number of Provincial Development Zones (PDZs) from 1984 to 2006 although there were obvious regional differences and temporal fluctuations. Drawing on the provincial data, this study examined how three factors, namely, budget constraints, interprovincial competitions, and national institutional changes, had influenced the growth of PDZs using the “tournament system” theory. It was found that, although the level of the regional economic development did serve as an important budget constraint to the establishment of PDZs, it was the national institutional changes that had greater influences because establishing a PDZ was not a natural process constrained by its own provincial resources. To be more specific, the national institutional changes caused temporal fluctuations in the growth of PDZs (within the province) on the one hand and regional differences in the numbers of PDZs (between provinces) on the other hand. In spite of the general increases in the numbers of PDZs in all provinces, our measurements of the yearly increments of provincial PDZs did not show any significant sign of interprovincial competitions. It requires more empirical studies to test the applicability of the tournament system theory.

Key words: local government  , the tournament system theory  ,   centralizationdecentralization  ,   institutional change  ,  Provincial Development Zones