价值主导型群体事件中参与主体的行动逻辑

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文基于SS事件的田野调查资料，从微观层面考察参与主体的行为互动及其逻辑演进，剖析利益与价值因素的交替主导效应，进而解释聚集者何时、因何、如何参与和退出集体行动，并以此回应海内外学者的观察。本文的结论主要有：直接利益受损者行动目标由利益诉求向价值诉求的转变，为聚集者提供了参与契机；价值因素是聚集者参与集体行为的核心动力；直接利益受损者在面对社会价值诉求与个体自身利益选择时，后者的作用凸显，聚集者也随之选择退出，集体行动终结；当前，“价值—利益回归效应”在处理由偶然事件引发的价值主导型群体事件中具有有效性，中国社会转型时期的价值主导型群体事件并不完全与西方集体行动理论相契合。

关键词: 行动逻辑 , 集体行动 , 群体性事件 , 价值—利益回归效益

Abstract:

Based on the field work of the SS Incident, this paper examines at the micro level the behavioral interaction among the participants and the progression of the action logic; analyzes the alternating effects of the interest/valuerelated factors; and explains when, why, and how the bystanders stepped in and out of the collective action – in response to the observations of the scholars at home and abroad. The conclusions reported in the paper are: The transition of the stakeholders’ action goal from selfinterest seeking to moral value endorsement opened up an opportunity for the bystanders to participate; it was the values that served as the essential drive for summoning the bystanders into the collective action; consideration of selfinterest played a significant role in the decision making by the losers when facing the dilemma between taking direct losses to themselves or endorsing social values, at which point the bystanders would soon choose to quit and the collective action was to end; currently, the “valueinterest regressive effect” is an important suppressive mechanism in the valueoriented collective action triggered by an accidental event; and the valueoriented collective action in a transitive China does not fit the collective action theory in the Western world. 

Key words: action logic , collective action , group event , valueinterest regressive effect

张荆红. 价值主导型群体事件中参与主体的行动逻辑[J]. 社会杂志.

Zhang Jinghong. The Action Logic of ValueOriented Collective Action: A Case Analysis of the SS Incident[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

参考文献

参考文献（References）

Bernstein， Thomas P． and Xiaobo Lü． 2003．〖WTB4X〗Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China〖WTB4〗． New York： Cambridge University Press．
Blumer， Herbert． 1946． “Elementary Collective Behavior．” In 〖WTB4X〗New Outline of the Principles of Sociology〖WTB4〗， edited by Alfred McClung Lee New York： Free Press．
Cai， Yongshun． 2003． “Collective Ownership or Cadres’ Ownership? The NonAgricultural Use of Farmland in China．” The China Quarterly （175）： 662〖CD*2〗680．
Chen Feng． 2006． “Privatization and Its Discontents in Chinese Factories．” 〖WTB4X〗The China Quarterly〖WTB4〗 185： 42〖CD*2〗60．
陈鹏． 2010．当代中国城市业主的法权抗争——关于业主维权活动的一个分析框架［J］．社会学研究（1）．［Chen Peng． 2010． “Urban Homeowners’ Legal Rights Activism in Contemporary China： An Analytical Framework for Homeowners’ Rights Protection Activities．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（1）．（in Chinese）］
陈映芳．2010．行动者的道德资源动员与中国社会兴起的逻辑［J］．社会学研究（4）．［ Chen Yingfang ．2010． “Moral Resource Mobilization and the Logic of a Rising Society in China．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（4）．（in Chinese）］
Cohen， Jean． 1985． “Strategy or Identity： New Theoretical Paradigms and Contemporary Social Movements．” 〖WTB4X〗Social Research〖WTB4〗（52）： 663〖CD*2〗716．
Costain， Anne N． and Andrew S． McFarland （eds．）． 1998．〖WTB4X〗Social Movements and American Political Institutions〖WTB4〗． Lanham， MD．： Bowman and Littlefield．
克罗齐耶，米歇尔、费埃德伯格．［1977］2007．行动者与系统——集体行动的政治学［M］．张月，等，译．上海人民出版社．［Crozier， Michel and Erhard Friedberg．（1977）2007．〖WTB4X〗L’Acteur et le Système： Les Contraintes de I’Action Collective〖WTB4〗， translated by Zhang Yue 〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
董海军． 2008． “作为武器的弱者身份：农民维权抗争的底层政治［J］．社会（4）．［Dong Haijun． 2008． “The Weak Identity as a Weapon： Subaltern Politics of the Peasant Resistance for Rights．” 〖WTB4X〗Society〖WTB4〗（〖WTB4X〗CJS〖WTB4〗）（4）．（in Chinese）］
〖JP2〗道格，麦克亚当、西德尼·塔罗、查尔斯·蒂利．［2001］2006．斗争的动力［M］．李义平，等，译．上海：译林出版社．［Doug， McAdam， Sidey Tarrow and Charles Tilly．（2001）2006．〖WTB4X〗Dynamics of Contention〖WTB4〗， translated by Li Yiping． Shanghai： Yilin Press．］〖JP〗
冯仕政． 2007．沉默的大多数：差序格局与环境抗争［J］．中国人民大学学报（3）．［Feng Shizheng． 2007． “The Silent Majority：〖WTB4X〗Chaxu Geju〖WTB4〗 and Environmental Action in Urban China．” 〖WTB4X〗Journal of Renmin University of China〖WTB4〗（3）．（in Chinese）］
费埃德伯格，埃哈尔．［1993］ 2008．权力与规则——组织行动的动力［M］．张月，等，译．上海人民出版社．［Friedberg， Erhard．（1993） 2008．〖WTB4X〗Le Pouvoir et la Rèle： Dynamiques de l’Action Organisée〖WTB4〗， translated by Zhang Yue 〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Shanghai： Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］ 
Gamson， William A． and Meyer David S． 1996． “Framing Political Opportunity．” In 〖WTB4X〗Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements〖WTB4〗， edited by Doug McAdam， John D． McCarthy and Mayer N． Zald． New York： Cambridge University Press： 275〖CD*2〗290．
Gurr， Ted． 1970．〖WTB4X〗Why Men Rebel〖WTB4〗． Princeton， N． J．： Princeton University Press．
哈贝马斯，尤尔根．［1973］2000．合法化危机［M］．刘北成，等，译．上海人民出版社．［Habermas， Jurgen．（1973）2000．〖WTB4X〗Legitimationsproblem im〖WTB4〗 Sptkapitalismus， translated by Liu Beicheng 〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Shanghai： Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
Hechter， Michael and Christine Horne． 2003．〖WTB4X〗Theories Social Order〖WTB4〗． Stanford， California： Stanford University Press．
〖JP2〗Ho， Peter．［2000］2003． “Contesting Rural Spaces： Land Disputes， Customary Tenure and the State．” in 〖WTB4X〗Chinese Society：Change， Conflict and Resistance〖WTB4〗， 2nd edition． edited by Elizabeth J． Perry and Mark Selden． London and NewYork： Routledge Curzon．〖JP〗
亨廷顿，塞缪尔．［1968］ 1988．变革社会中的政治秩序［M］．李盛平，等，译．北京：华夏出版社．［Huntington， Samuel P．（1968） 1988．〖WTB4X〗Political Order in Changing Societies〖WTB4〗， translated by Li Shengping．〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Beijing： Huaxia Publishing House．］
Inglehart， Ronald． 1990．〖WTB4X〗Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society〖WTB4〗． Princeton， N． J．： Princeton University Press．
勒庞，古斯塔夫．［1895］2007．乌合之众：大众心理研究［M］．冯克利，译．桂林：广西师范大学出版社．［LeBon， Gustave．（1895）2007．〖WTB4X〗The Crowd〖WTB4〗， translated by Feng Keli． Guilin： Guangxi Normal University Press．］
Lee， Ching Kwan． 1998． “The Labor Politics of Market Socialism： Collective Inaction and Class Experiences among State．” 〖WTB4X〗Modern China〖WTB4〗 24（1）： 3〖CD*2〗33．
刘能． 2009．当代中国转型社会中的集体行动：对过去三十年间三次集体行动浪潮的一个回顾［J］．学海（4）．［Liu Neng． 2009． “Collective Actions in Contemporary China： A Review of Three Waves over Past Thirty Years．” 〖WTB4X〗Academia Bimestris〖WTB4〗（4）．（in Chinese）］〖JP〗
刘玉照． 2006．遭遇修路事件的村庄选举双重选择的集体行动［J］．社会（5）．［Liu Yuzhao． 2006． “Village Election Encountered in a Road Construction Event： A Collective Action with Dual Decision Making．” 〖WTB4X〗Society〖WTB4〗（〖WTB4X〗CJS〖WTB4〗）（5）．（in Chinese）］
McAdam， Doug． 1982．〖WTB4X〗Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency〖WTB4〗， 1930〖CD*2〗1970． Chicago： The University of Chicago Press．
McCarthy， John D． and Mayer N． Zald、 1973．〖WTB4X〗The Trend of Social Movements in America： Professionalization and Resource Mobilization〖WTB4〗． Morristown， N．J．： General Learning Corporation．
Melucci， Alberto． 1989．〖WTB4X〗Nomads of the Present： Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society〖WTB4〗． Philadephia： Temple University Press．
孟伟． 2005．建构公民政治：业主集体行动策略及其逻辑［J］．华中师范大学学报（人文社科版）（3）．［Meng Wei． 2005． “Etablishing Civil Politics： The Strategies of the Collective Actions of Urban House Owners and the Logic of Their Actions．” 〖WTB4X〗Journal of Central China Normal University〖WTB4〗（Humanities and Social Sciences）（3）．（in Chinese）］〖JP〗
Michelson， Ethan． 2007． “Climbing the Dispute Pagoda： Grievances and Appeals to the Official Justice System in Rural China．” 〖WTB4X〗American Sociological Review〖WTB4〗 72（3）：459〖CD*2〗485．〖JP〗
莫里斯，艾尔东、卡洛尔·缪勒．［1992］2002．社会运动理论的前沿领域［M］．刘能，译．北京大学出版社．［Morris， A．D．〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗．（eds．）（1992）2002．〖WTB4X〗Advanced Field of Social Movement Theories〖WTB4〗， translated by Liu Neng． Beijing： Peking University Press．］〖JP〗
O’Brien， Kevin J． and Lianjiang Li． 1996． “Villagers and Popular Resistance in Contemporary China．” 〖WTB4X〗Modern China〖WTB4〗 22（1）： 28〖CD*2〗61．
O’Brien， Kevin J． and Lianjiang Li． 2006．〖WTB4X〗Rightful Resistance in Rural China〖WTB4〗． New York and Cambridge： Cambridge University Press．
〖JP2〗奥尔森．［1965］1995．集体行动的逻辑［M］．陈郁，等，译．上海人民出版社．［Olson Mancur，（1965）1995．〖WTB4X〗The Logic of Collcetive Action： Public Goods and the Theory of Groups〖WTB4〗， translated by Chen Yu 〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］〖JP〗
Perry， Elizabeth J． 1985． “Rural Violence in Socialist China．” 〖WTB4X〗The China Quarterly〖WTB4〗（103）： 414〖CD*2〗440．
裴宜理．2008．底层社会与抗争性政治［J］．阎小骏，译．东南学术（3）．［Perry， Elizabeth J． 2008． “Subaltern Society and Contentious Politics．” Translated by Yan Xiaojun．〖WTB4X〗Southeast Academic Research〖WTB4〗（3）．（in Chinese）］
Read， Benjamin L． 2003． “Democratizing the Neighbourhood? New Private Housing and HomeOwner SelfOrganization in Urban China．” 〖WTB4X〗The China Journal〖WTB4〗 49：31〖CD*2〗59．
单光鼐． 2009． 2009年群体性事件新特点［J］．瞭望（50）．［Shan Guangnai． 2009． “New Characters of Popular Protest in 2009．”〖WTB4X〗Outlook〖WTB4〗（50）．（in Chinese）］
Smelser， Neil． 1962．〖WTB4X〗Theory of Collective Behavior〖WTB4〗． New York： Free Press．
宋维强． 2009．社会转型期中国农民群体性事件研究［M］．武汉：华中师范大学出版社．［Song Weiqiang． 2009．〖WTB4X〗Mass Incidents of Peasants in Transforming China〖WTB4〗． Wuhan： Central China Normal University Publishing House．］

孙立平．2010． “不稳定幻象”与维稳怪圈［J］．人民论坛（13）．［Sun Liping． 2010． “Unstable illusion and the Dilemma of Maintaining Stability．” 〖WTB4X〗People’s Tribune〖WTB4〗（13）．（in Chinese）］
Tarrow， 1996． “States and Opportunities： The Political Structuring of Social Movements．”Pp．41〖CD*2〗61． In 〖WTB4X〗Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements〖WTB4〗， edited by Doug McAdam， John D． McCarthy and Mayer N． Zald． New York： Cambridge University Press．
Tarrow， 1998．〖WTB4X〗Power in Movement〖WTB4〗（ 2nd ed．）． New York： Cambridge University Press．
Tilly， Charles． 1978．〖WTB4X〗From Mobilization to Revolution〖WTB4〗． New York： Random House．
蒂利，查尔斯．［2003］2006．集体暴力的政治［M］．谢岳，译．上海人民出版社．［Tilly， Charles．（2003） 2006．〖WTB4X〗The Politics of Collective Violence〖WTB4〗． translated by Xie Yue．Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
蒂利，查尔斯．［2004］2008．欧洲的抗争与民主（1650〖CD*2〗2000）［M］．陈周旺，等，译．上海人民出版社．［Tilly， Charles．（2004） 2008．〖WTB4X〗Contention and Democracy in Europe〖WTB4〗， 1650〖CD*2〗2000． translated by Chen Zhouwang 〖WTB4X〗et al〖WTB4〗． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
蒂利，查尔斯．［2004］2009．社会运动，1768〖CD*2〗2004［M］．胡位钧，译．上海：世纪出版集团．［Tilly， Charles．（2004） 2009．〖WTB4X〗Social Movements〖WTB4〗， 1768〖CD*2〗2004， translated by Hu Weijun． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
佟新． 2006．延续的社会主义文化传统——一起国有企业工人集体行动的个案分析［J］．社会学研究（1）．［Tong Xin． 2006． “Continued Socialist Cultural Tradition： An Analysis of Collective Action of Workers at a StateOwned Enterprise．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（1）．（in Chinese）］
Touraine， Alain． 1971．〖WTB4X〗The May Movement： Revolt and Reform〖WTB4〗． New York： Random House．〖JP〗
Walder， A． 2006． “Ambiguity and Choice in Political Movements： The Origins of Beijing Red Guard Factionalism．” 〖WTB4X〗American Journal of Sociology〖WTB4〗 112： 710〖CD*2〗750．
王国勤． 2007．“集体行动”研究中的概念谱系［J］．华中师范大学学报（人文社科版）（5）．［Wang Guoqin． 2007． “A Concept Pedigree in the Study on ‘Collective Action’．” 〖WTB4X〗Journal of Central China Normal University〖WTB4〗（Humanities and Social Sciences）（5）．（in Chinese）］
Wilkinson， Steven I． 2009． “Riots．” 〖WTB4X〗Annual Review of Political Science〖WTB4〗（12）：329〖CD*2〗343．〖JP〗
吴长青．2010．从“策略”到“伦理”：对“依法抗争”的批评性讨论［J］．社会（2）．［Wu Changqing． 2010． “From Strategies to Ethics： A Critique of the ‘Rightful Resistance’．” 〖WTB4X〗Society〖WTB4〗（〖WTB4X〗CJS〖WTB4〗）（2）．（in Chinese）］
吴毅． 2007． “权力—利益的结构之网”与农民群体性利益的表达困境——对一起石场纠纷案例的分析［J］．社会学研究（5）．［Wu Yi． 2007． “‘Nets of the Power –Rights Structure’and Dilemma of Peasants GroupRights Expression： An Analysis of Gravel Pit Dispute．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（5）．（in Chinese）］
肖唐镖． 2003．二十余年来大陆农村的稳定状况——以农民行动的变化为视角［J］．二十一世纪（香港）（4）．［Xiao Tangbiao． 2003． “The Change of the Village Political Stability in Mainlang China in Recent 20 Years．” 21st 〖WTB4X〗Century〖WTB4〗（4）．（in Chinese）］
应星． 2007．草根动员与农民群体利益的表达机制——四个案例的比较研究［J］．社会学研究（2）．［Ying Xing． 2007． “Grassroots Mobilization and the Mechanism of Interest Expression of the Peasants Group．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（2）．（in Chinese）］
应星． 2009．“气场”与群体性事件的发生机制［J］．社会学研究（6）．［ Ying Xing． 2009． “‘Field of Qi’ and the Occurring Mechanism of Mass Disturbances： A Comparative Study of Two Cases．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（6）．（in Chinese）］
游正林． 2006．集体行动何以成为可能［J］．学海（2）．［You Zhenglin．2006． “How Can Collective Action be Possible．” 〖WTB4X〗Academia Bimestris〖WTB4〗（2）．（in Chinese）］ 
于建嵘． 2006．集体行动的原动力和机制研究［J］．学海（2）．［Yu Jianrong． 2006． “The Dynamics and Mechanism of Collective Action ．” 〖WTB4X〗Academia Bimestris〖WTB4〗（2）．（in Chinese）］〖JP〗
于建嵘． 2009．当前我国群体性事件的主要类型及其特征［J］．中国政法大学学报（6）．［Yu Jianrong． 2009． “Major Types and Basic Characteristics of Group Event in Today’s China．” 〖WTB4X〗Journal of China University of Plitical Scieace and Law〖WTB4〗（6）．（in Chinese）］
张静．［2000］2007．基层政权：乡村制度诸问题［M］．上海人民出版社．［ Zhang Jing．（2000）2007．〖WTB4X〗The Grassroots Regime： Issues on the Rural System〖WTB4〗． Shanghai People’s Publishing House．］
张静． 2010．义乌外来工为什么愿意使用法律［J］．江苏行政学院学报（3）．［ Zhang Jing． 2010． “Why are the Migrant Laborers in Yiwu Willing to Resort to Law? ” 〖WTB4X〗Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute〖WTB4〗（3）．（in Chinese）］
张磊． 2005．业主维权运动：产生原因及动员机制［J］．社会学研究（6）．［Zhang Lei． 2005． “Beijing House Owners’ Rights Protection Movement： Reason of Breakout and Mobilization Mechanism．” 〖WTB4X〗Sociological Studies〖WTB4〗（6）．（in Chinese）］
Zhao， Dingxin． 2001．〖WTB4X〗The Power of Tiananmen： StateSociety Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement〖WTB4〗． Chicago： The University of Chicago Press．
赵鼎新． 2006．社会与政治运动讲义［M］．北京：社会科学文献出版社．［Zhao Dingxin． 2006．〖WTB4X〗Teaching Materials on Social and Political Movement〖WTB4〗． Beijing： Social Sciences Academic Press．］

责任编辑：路英浩