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无产阶级化历程：理论解释、历史经验及其启示

刘建洲，上海行政学院   

  1. 刘建洲，上海行政学院
  • 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘建洲，上海行政学院 E-mail: jianzhouliu@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:刘建洲，上海行政学院
  • 基金资助:

    本文是作者主持的上海社科规划一般课题“农民工的阶级形成与阶级意识研究”（2010BSH002）的部分研究成果。

     

Proletarianization：Theoretical Explanation, Historical Experiences，and Its Enlightenments

Liu Jianzhou, Shanghai Administration Institute   

  1. Liu Jianzhou, Shanghai Administration Institute
  • Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-03-20
  • Contact: Liu Jianzhou, Shanghai Administration Institute E-mail: jianzhouliu@sohu.com
  • About author:Liu Jianzhou, Shanghai Administration Institute
  • Supported by:

    The article is part of the research findings of the ordinary project subsided by Shanghai Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science. The project’s title is:Study on Migrant Workers’ Class Formation and Class Consciousness (2010BSH002

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摘要：

无产阶级化历程一般被认为是一个劳动者失去对生产资料的控制并为了生存向他人出卖劳动力的过程。作为工业化和现代化的核心内容，无产阶级化历程构成了审视社会变迁的一个新的视角。本文首先对无产阶级化研究的困境做了分析，主要引介了C.蒂利关于无产阶级化的定义与分析框架；其次，对欧洲和新兴工业化国家曾经出现的无产阶级化的不同模式做了简要的分析和评价，指出了这些历史经验对于分析社会主义国家中无产阶级化历程的深远意义；最后，针对“社会主义国家是否存在无产阶级化历程”这一重大的理论与现实问题，通过对塞勒尼等人研究的引介，探讨了这些研究对分析农民工的阶级形成与无产阶级化历程的启示。

关键词: 无产阶级化 , C.蒂利 , 新兴工业化国家 , 社会主义国家 , 阶级形成

Abstract:

It is widely agreed that proletarianization is a process during which laborers lose their control of means of production and have to sell their labor for survival. Proletarianization has influenced both individuals and society extensively and profoundly. It gives scholars a new perspective to examine societal changes as it is a pivotal process of the development of capitalism, a main theme of modernity, and the core of industrialization and modernization. Although massive proletarianization has become a history in developed countries, it is still underway in developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to use this macroperspective of proletarianization to theoretically discuss the following issues: (1) examining and learning from the historical trajectories of proletarianization in the developed countries; (2) comparing the proletarianization in Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) with the proletarianization that took place in developed countries (especially those in Europe) in earlier eras to see their similarities and differences; and (3) interpreting and explaining the proletarianization in socialist countries (especially China) with this theoretical perspective and its related concepts. To deal with the aforementioned issues, the first step is to review and evaluate the classic works and studies on proletarianization. To serve this purpose, this paper analyzes the predicaments in the studies of proletarianization, introduces CharlesTilly’s definition of proletarianization and his analyticalframeworks, and then briefly reviews different patterns of proletarianization in Europe as well as in NICs, highlighting the profound significance of these historical experiences to the analysis of proletarianization in socialist countries. Finally, in order to address the important theoretical and realistic topic of “whether proletarianization exists in socialist countries,” the paperintroduces the research of IvanSzelenyi et al. and discusses the insights from their findings to the analysis of the class formation of migrant workers in China and theirproletarianization.

Key words: proletarianization ,   Charles Tilly , Newly Industrialized Countries , socialist countries , class formation