从暴力犯罪看乡村秩序及其“豪强化”危险——国家法/民间法视角反思

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对东北四所监狱“民事转刑事”暴力犯罪案件的调查显示，现代乡村社会存在一类特殊的纠纷：第一，它的广泛存在，标志着民间秩序整合力量在特定情境下的失败；第二，它也没有被国家法系统处理和吸收。本文通过对结构性访谈中7个案例的详细剖解，检视了这类纠纷背后乡村秩序的可能图景。与传统的民间法理论的预设相反，国家法秩序的“外来性”是地方性社会中日渐增多的“陌生人”获得保护的可能途径。然而，国家法的实践依赖于基层政治运作，其调整功能取决于民间秩序的配合,民间秩序整合的失败迫使国家法直接面对个人的实质性需求，而其调整无力反过来增加了个人对国家法的失望，并可能将失望导向对国家法独立性的质疑。在此背景下，“豪强化”的危险可能在乡村社会出现：“强力人士”依赖国家对社会的渗透力和控制力，向下瓦解传统秩序的力量；借助国家法和国家政权在权力来源上的同一性，向上瓦解国家法秩序的合法性。

关键词: 乡村秩序 , 暴力犯罪 , 国家法 , 民间法 , 豪强化

Abstract:

The investigation of the violent crimes that had turned civil cases to criminal cases in four prisons in Northeast China has discovered a special kind of disputes in Rural China. Its extensive occurrence signifies failure of the orderrestorative power of folk forces in specific contexts. This kind of disputes has not yet been dealt with or taken in by the state legal system. This paper analyzes seven cases in depth to reveal the realistic picture of the rural order behind disputes of this kind. Contrary to the assumptions of the traditional folk legal theories, the “external nature” in the state legal order provides a feasible channel for the increasing number of “strangers” to obtain protection. However, execution of the state laws depends upon the political operations at the local level, whose coordinating role relies upon the cooperation of the folk order. Failure of the folk order in mediating disputes forces state laws to intervene directly to the individuals’ actual needs but the ineffectiveness in the intervention in turn heightens the disappointment of the individuals in the state laws. Meanwhile, the close ties between the state legal system and the local political operations are likely to lead to suspicion of the independence of the state laws. In such a context, “despotism” may turn up to endanger the rural society. The powerful persons may use the state’s power that can penetrate and control society to undermine the power of the traditional order in a topdown fashion but at the same time they may undermine the legitimacy of the state’s legal order in a bottomup fashion via the same origin shared by the state laws and the state power.

Key words: rural order, violent crime , state law , folk law , despotism

储卉娟. 从暴力犯罪看乡村秩序及其“豪强化”危险——国家法/民间法视角反思[J]. 社会杂志.

CHU Hui-Juan. The Danger of “Despotism”: The Rural Order Reflected in Violent CrimesOn “State Laws vs. Folk Laws”[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology.

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