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爱国主义和世界主义：涂尔干的公共思想难题

何健 西南大学社会学系   

  1. 何健 西南大学社会学系
  • 出版日期:2012-09-20 发布日期:2012-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 何健 西南大学社会学系 E-mail:hejian1022@126.com
  • 作者简介:何健 西南大学社会学系
  • 基金资助:

    **本研究得到2009年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“适应和包容：城乡统筹背景下的边缘社区发展研究”（09YJC840034）资助。

Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism: Emile Durkheim’s Public Thoughts Dilemma

HE Jian, Department of Sociology, Southwest University   

  1. HE Jian, Department of Sociology, Southwest University
  • Online:2012-09-20 Published:2012-09-20
  • Contact: HE Jian, Department of Sociology, Southwest University E-mail:hejian1022@126.com
  • About author:HE Jian, Department of Sociology, Southwest University
  • Supported by:

    The research was supported by Education Ministry’s Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Project “Adaptation and Inclusion: The Research of Edge Communities Development Under the Background of the Integration between the Urban and Rural Areas ” ［09YJC840034］.

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摘要：

在全球化时代，曾经作为个体或集体认同主要支配模式的宗教和民族主义，似乎已构不成为现代社会政治认同和公民权的牢固基础。因此，在民族主义和全球化相互作用的过程中，深入理解涂尔干有关爱国主义和世界主义关系的思考尤为必要。涂尔干的社会思想中蕴含着两大基本主题即“社会如何可能”和“社会学如何可能”，它们又融入于其一生所专注的“根据实证科学方法来考察道德生活事实”之研究中。从整体上观照爱国主义和世界主义问题并基于现代社会中人性神圣性的社会事实，能够从方法论和实质性问题思考的交汇层面充分揭示现代社会团结的基础。按照涂尔干的思想，解决这对矛盾的根本出路，在很大程度上是厘清法团和公民国家的关系问题，换言之，关键在于阐明有关职业伦理与公民道德关系的问题。

关键词: 涂尔干 , 爱国主义 , 世界主义

Abstract:

In the early modern period, religion and nationalism provided the dominant modes of individual and collective identity. But their status as the basis for political identification and citizenship has been undermined in the globalization era. It is therefore necessary to fully understand Durkheim’s patriotism and cosmopolitanism in his social theory during the competing processes between nationalism and globalization. There are two fundamental subjects in Emile Durkheim’s social thoughts, i.e., “how society is possible” and “how sociology is possible.” These two subjects have been embodied in Durkheim’s lifelong academic pursuit, namely, “to treat the facts of moral life according to the methods of the positive science.” The issues of patriotism and cosmopolitanism arises naturally from the substantial problems such as “individuals and society,” “human nature and social conditions,” etc. A holistic approach to these issues can reveal the social fact of the sacredness of human nature in modern society around which Durkheim found out the foundation of modern social solidarity through dealing with the methodology and the essential issues. Following Durkheim’s social thoughts, it is found that the true outlet for the contradiction between patriotism and cosmopolitanism lies in the intrafocus, not expansionism. It is not entirely a problem of international laws, but is largely the problem of the corporation and the civil state. In other words, it is the problem of professional ethics and civil morals. Obviously, this theoretical tension reflects the genuine purpose of Durkheim’s sociological epistemology, and also, it is closely related to the identity problem of the modern person.

Key words:  Durkheim， , Patriotism，, Cosmopolitanism