社会杂志 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 1-32.

• 论文 •    下一篇

占有、经营与治理：乡镇企业的三重分析概念——重返经典社会科学研究的一项尝试（下）

渠敬东   

  1. 渠敬东   中国社会科学院社会发展研究所
  • 出版日期:2013-03-20 发布日期:2013-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 渠敬东 E-mail:qujingdong@yahoo.com.cn
  • 作者简介:渠敬东 中国社会科学院社会发展研究所

Possession, Operation, and Governance as Three Conceptual Dimensions of Town and Township Enterprises: An Attempt Back to Classical Social Sciences

QU Jingdong,   

  1. QU Jingdong, Institute for Social Development, CASS
  • Online:2013-03-20 Published:2013-03-20
  • Contact: QU Jingdong, Institute for Social Development, CASS E-mail:qujingdong@yahoo.com.cn
  • About author:QU Jingdong, Institute for Social Development, CASS

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摘要： 本文系统梳理了社会学领域中具有代表性的几项产权研究，试图从占有、经营、治理三个经典理论概念出发，分析乡镇企业的生成结构和运行机制。文章指出，乡镇企业在占有关系上汇合了公有制、共有制和私有制等多重因素；在经营关系上则充分利用双轨制的体制环境，将土地承包、企业承包经营和财政包干结合起来；在治理关系上将体制的、知识的和民情的等多向度的治理机制相融合，解放了家庭、宗族、习俗等各种传统资源，并以此寻求实践中的改革与创造。乡镇企业作为社会运行的多重因素和多重环节的交集点，不仅蕴涵着丰富的制度创新空间，也充分反映出改革时代的制度精神。

关键词: 乡镇企业 , 产权 , 占有 , 经营 , 治理

Abstract: Through the review of the representative sociological studies on ownership of town and township enterprises, this article attempts to use three classical theoretical concepts of possession, operation, and governance to analyze the formative and the operational mechanisms of town and township enterprises. In the aspect of possession, these enterprises compromise different elements of public, common and private ownerships. In the aspect of operation, they utilize land contracts, enterprise contracts and the financial responsibility system in the institutional context of the twotrack regime. In the aspect of governance, they fuse different mechanisms of the institutional, knowledge, and mores dimensions together, and free the traditional familial, kinship linkage, and customary resources for reform and creativity in the practice. As key position of social process of multiple elements and moments, town and township enterprises not only provide opportunities for institutional innovations, but also embody the institutional spirit of reform period, which combines tradition, regime, and new market mechanism, and provides an enriched process of social development. This framework returning on the classical social theories will be conductive to reflection on the other phenomenon of organizational and institutional change in social and economical reform.