社会杂志

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扩张的中国高等教育:教育质量与社会分层

  

  1. 作者1:叶晓阳,密歇根大学教育学院;
    作者2:丁延庆,北京大学教育学院
  • 出版日期:2015-05-20 发布日期:2015-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 叶晓阳,密歇根大学教育学院 E-mail:yxy@umich.edu
  • 基金资助:
    本研究得到北京大学教育经济研究所的国家社会科学基金重大项目“高校毕业生就业问题与对策研究”(09&ZD058)、北京市教育工作委员会年度课题“首都高等教育质量与学生发展监测”的支持。

Expanding Chinese Higher Education: Quality and Social Stratification

  1. Author 1:YE Xiaoyang, School of Education,University of Michigan;
    Author 2:DING Yanqing,Graduate School of Education, Peking University
  • Online:2015-05-20 Published:2015-05-20
  • Contact: YE Xiaoyang, School of Education,University of Michigan E-mail:yxy@umich.edu
  • Supported by:
    This project was supported by National Social Science Foundation of China (09&ZDD058) and Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Annual Fund through the Institute of Economics of Education at Peking University.

摘要: 本文利用2011年首都高校生发展状况调查的数据,分析北京高校学生的分层现状,并讨论了1999年高等教育扩张对大学生入学和就业分层的影响,发现这一轮扩张强化了社会阶层的复制而非再生产。一方面,在其他条件不变的情况下,来自社会优势阶层家庭的学生有更大概率进入具有更好教育质量的精英院校,这说明中国高等教育在这一时期具有排他性的特征;家庭的社会阶层背景对子女教育分层的影响在中学阶段更加明显;家庭背景对专业选择没有显著影响。另一方面,在控制家庭社会经济背景的影响后,教育质量与学生选择市场化部门就业的概率和工作起薪显著正相关。如果高等教育扩张降低了教育质量,就可能削弱高等教育对社会阶层流动的促进作用。

关键词: 社会分层, 高等教育扩张 , 教育质量

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze student stratification in higher education using a random survey of senior students from 46 universities in Beijing in 2011. We examine the impact of higher education expansion since 1999 on college access and social mobility in the labor market. We find the expansion has enhanced the social strata replication rather than reproduction.
We first estimate the impact on college access using Binary Logit Model and Multinomial Logit Model. Chinese higher education is rather exclusive than inclusive during the expansion which means students from higher social class families have larger possibilities to access to elite universities,other things being equal. The effect of family social stratification background on students’ educational stratification is larger during secondary school period.We don’t find evidence that family background influences choice of major.
We then examine how college quality can affect students’ labor market choice and performance using Multinomial Logit Model, Ordinal Logit Model and Tobit Model. Controlling family background, higher education quality is positively correlated with the higher probability that students choose a marketoriented job and with higher starting salaries. However, if the expansion diminishes higher education quality as suggested by many qualitative studies, it weakens the role of higher education as a way of upward social mobility.
We learn from this study that it is not an optimal policy for the government to develop China higher education solely by expanding its scale without increasing its quality. More attention should be paid to guarantee the quality during any education policy changes, and to ensure educational equality in K12 education as well.

Key words: social stratification,  education quality ,  , Higher education expansion