社会杂志

• 专题：文化社会学 • 上一篇    下一篇

记忆中的伤痛：阶级建构逻辑下的集体认同与抗战叙事

  

  1. 高蕊，北京外国语大学英语学院英语系
  • 出版日期:2015-05-20 发布日期:2015-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 高蕊，北京外国语大学英语学院英语系 E-mail:gaomeimeiyale@gmail.com

The Paradoxes of Solidarity: Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity in Mao’s China

  1. GAO Rui，Departent of English, School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University
  • Online:2015-05-20 Published:2015-05-20
  • Contact: GAO Rui, Departent of English, School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University E-mail:gaomeimeiyale@gmail.com

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摘要： 对于数以千万计亲历二战的中国民众来说，战争期间日本侵略者在中国土地上所犯下的残暴罪行无疑会在他们的心里产生极大的创伤感。然而在中华人民共和国成立之后的很多年间，这种刻骨铭心的国族受难和遭受非正义的经历，却长期停留在民间个体记忆中，没有成为围绕战争所进行的官方话语表达的核心。本文旨在借助文化创伤（cultural trauma）理论，对这一围绕抗战创伤经历所发生的“文化失忆”现象进行全新的探索。文章首先梳理1949年之后阶级创伤叙事的形成以及以此为基础所进行的集体身份建构，然后通过梳理抗战记忆在官方话语中的呈现，检讨战争中国族受难经历与阶级创伤宏大叙事之间所形成的逻辑冲突，进而指出正是这种逻辑冲突在某种意义上阻抑了抗战创伤叙事的形成。

关键词: 集体身份建构 , 文化创伤 , 文化再现, 抗战记忆

Abstract: The millions of Chinese people who had the misfortune of living through the War of Resistance Against Japan (hereafter “the War”) experienced nearly unbearable trauma and pain. Such vivid and massively shared suffering and injustice, however, remained ultimately private and individual. For many years after the building of the People’s Republic of China, this suffering seldom found its way into the public sphere of expression.
A chief goal of this paper is to delve into this curious phenomenon—namely, the “absence” of a collective trauma of the War despite the human suffering—and seek to explain it from a cultural sociological point of view. To this end, I would draw on the theory of cultural trauma and explore the relationship between various cultural structures in the process of trauma formation. The absence of the trauma of the War should not be understood merely as a consequence of political necessity, but should be contextualized and comprehended within the web of meanings woven by powerful cultural structures that predominated in the public sphere at the time.
My tasks in this chapter are twofold. First, I trace in Mao’s era the successful construction of a class trauma that sought to form a new collectivity. Secondly, I examine how the experience of the War fits, or, rather, “unfits” with this grand narrative of “class trauma”. Tracing representation of the War in the public sphere around the time, I argue that the emergence of the War as a collective trauma was effectively “inhibited” by the trauma of class struggle.

Key words: representation
, collective identity , cultural trauma , memory of war