社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 106-132.

• 专题二:收入分配、幸福感与社会分层 • 上一篇    下一篇

再分配与幸福感阶层差异的变迁(2005-2013)

洪岩璧   

  1. 东南大学人文学院社会学系
  • 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 洪岩璧 E-mail:hongyb@seu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究是教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“教育影响城镇居民健康的中介机制研究”（15YJC840009）、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2242016S30045）、江苏省“公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心”、“道德发展智库”与“道德国情调查研究基地”的研究成果。

Redistribution and the Change of Class Differences of Subjective Well-Being, 2005-2013

HONG Yanbi   

  1. Department of Sociology, School of Humanities, Southeast University
  • Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20
  • Supported by:

    The research was supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education (15YJC840009), The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2242016S30045), The Co-Innovation Center of Civil Morality and Social Custom, The Think Tank of Morality Development, and The Research Center of National Moral Survey.

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摘要：

本文利用两期CGSS的调查数据，比较分析了2005年和2013年不同社会阶层的幸福感差异，并尝试从国家再分配能力变化的视角探讨其原因。首先，通过年度比较发现，所有职业阶层的主观幸福感皆有提升，但由于测量问题，需谨慎对待这一结论。其次，同一年度内不同职业阶层间的幸福感差异可以被收入变量和教育变量所解释。再次，中下阶层，尤其是农民和无业下岗阶层的幸福感上升幅度远大于中上阶层（管理者和专业人员阶层）。然后，用分层线性模型（HLM）分析发现，这一阶层差异变迁和国家近十年在财政汲取和再分配水平上的提升有关。在2005年较低的宏观税负和再分配水平下，其增长更有利于提升较高收入群体的幸福感，但在2013年较高的水平下，宏观税负和再分配水平的增长对不同收入群体的幸福感无差异化影响。这些结果说明中国社会结构变迁可能进入了一个新的阶段，再分配力量对人们生活机遇和福祉的影响日益凸显。

Abstract:

Using CGSS2005 and CGSS2013, this paper analyzes the class differences of subjective well-being (SWB) between 2005 and 2013, and attempts to explore the effects of state redistribution capability on this change. First, the longitudinal comparison finds that the SWB of all classes improved significantly during that period, however, due to the potential measurement issues, such a conclusion should be regarded with caution. Second, the differences between occupational classes can be explained by variations in income and education. Nevertheless, the model R2 in 2013 is much smaller than the R2 in 2005, indicating a possible change in the pattern of SWB formation. Third, the degree of SWB improvement of lower classes is significantly higher than middle- and upper classes (managers and professionals). An analysis on satisfaction in year-to-year comparison also shows a significant decrease of satisfaction among managers and professionals from 2005 to 2013. Fourth, HLM analyses reveal that the enforcement of state redistribution ability plays an important role in the changes of classes differences on SWB. Under the relatively low level of state macro tax collection and redistribution of 2005, the increased ability of both tend to benefit high income groups more; while at a much more effective level of 2013, the reinforcement of state macro tax collection and redistribution appear to have the same effects on all income groups across the board. These results show that the state redistribution power has somewhat a limited impacton SWB of different income groups. This could be indicative of a new phase in Chinese social structure, in which the power of redistribution plays a strong role on individuals' life choices and well-being.