社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 193-216.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国城市居民的配偶家庭与精英地位获得

朱斌   

  1. 中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心
  • 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 朱斌 E-mail:zhubin2015@ruc.edu.cn

Effects of Spouse's Family Background on Elite Status Attainment in Urban China

ZHU Bin   

  1. Center for Studies of Sociology Theory & Method, Renmin University of China
  • Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

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摘要：

本文利用CGSS2006的数据，基于不同类型资本继承与转化的特点，考察了配偶父亲的社会经济地位对城市居民精英地位获得的影响，结果显示：第一，由于文化资本的传递需要长时间累积，配偶父亲的文化资本对个体成为专业精英没有帮助；第二，在中国，政治资本依然是具有支配性作用的，更容易转化为经济资本，但经济资本难以转化为政治资本；因此，配偶父亲的政治资本有助于个体成为市场精英，反之则比较困难。第三，资本的使用可能存在边际收益递减规律，婚后配偶的父亲带入的异质性资本效用可能会强于已被多次使用的父亲资本，因此，婚后配偶的父亲的社会经济地位对个体精英地位的获得具有更强作用。此外，配偶的父亲的影响对于不同性别的个体而言有所差异，虽然精英代际转化同时适用于不同性别，但精英代际继承更适用于男性。

Abstract:

The attainment of elite status has long been a major topic in the study of social stratification and mobility. Researchers, however, paid more attention to the influences of one's own family background, ignoring the effects of his/her spouse's. Using data of CGSS 2006, this research examines the effects of one's father-in-law on his/her elite status attainment in urban China. The results indicate that (1) father-in-law's culture capital has no effects on one's elite status attainment, because the transmission of culture capital takes a relatively long time, and father-in-law begins to exert influence only after the marriage. (2) Unlike what happened in Eastern Europe, China's market transformation is a gradual transformation under the control of the Chinese Communist Party, which makes the political capital is still in the dominant position, so it is more easily that political capital transforms into economic capital than the inverse. Therefore, father-in-law's political capital helps one become an economic elite while father-in-law's economic capital has little to do with one's attainment of political elite status. (3) Since the marginal benefits might be decreasing when capital is utilized, "fresh" capital from father-in-law, other than that from one's own father which has been used for many times, might be more powerful, thus having a stronger effects after he/she gets married. In contrast, one's own father mainly influences his/her current socio-economic status through the impact of the socio-economic status of marriage. (4) At last, father-in-law's effects are different for different sexes, although the elite transformation applies both to men and women, elite inheritance is more suitable for men.