社会杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 217-241.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

“农转非”、人力资本回报与收入不平等——基于分位数回归分解的方法

王鹏   

  1. 中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心
  • 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 王鹏 E-mail:rmdxwp@163.com

The Change of “Agricultural” to “Non-Agricultural” hukou,Return of Human Capital and the Earnings Gap between New Citizens and Original Residents

WANG Peng   

  1. Center for Studies of Sociology Theory & Method, Renmin University of China
  • Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

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摘要：

随着中国城镇化进程的推进，越来越多的农村户籍人口实现了身份转换，成为制度认可的新市民。本文利用中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据发现，即使户口状况相同，"新市民"与"老市民"之间依然存在一定的收入差距。分位数回归及其分解的结果显示，"农转非"人群在劳动力市场上仍受到制度性或非制度性歧视，且歧视程度随着分位数的变化呈现倒U型趋势。同时，"农转非"人群内部也存在较大的差异，歧视降低了自致型"农转非"人群相较于城市原居民的禀赋优势，而外致型"农转非"人群则面临人力资本劣势与就业市场歧视的双重压力。

关键词: 人力资本回报, 收入不平等, 分位数回归分解, 农转非

Abstract:

The segregation of urban and rural household registration system(hukou)is always considered to be one of the most important causes of Chinese income inequality. Under the background of the accelerated process of urbanization in China,millions of peasants have transformed their hukou status and become new citizens in the sense of household registration system. It is still a question whether these people share the equal opportunity in competition with urban natives,although they have enjoyed same privileges attached to the non-agricultural hukou. Meanwhile,the heterogeneity in new urban residents who come from agricultural sector should not be neglected.By using the data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS),we found that there exists earnings gap between new citizens and original residents who born with urban hukou,while the gap cannot be explained by the difference of human capitals. The result of quantile regression decomposition shows that new citizens may still suffer the discrimination in labor market. The discrimination may derive from both institutional and non-institutional factors,presenting an inverted U shaped curve with the change of unconditional income quantiles. Meanwhile,there is also significant difference within the group of hukou-transformed-people. The discrimination offsets the human capital advantage of endogenous new citizens compared with old ones,while the exogenous new citizens face the disadvantage of human capital and the discrimination of labor market at the same time. We still don't know whether the discrimination exists during the transformation of hukou,or after this process,but this dimension of income stratification can be considered the subsequent effect of household registration system.

Key words: household registration, human capital, earnings inequality, quantile regression