社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 100-132.

• 专题二：社会工作的反身与实践 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会工作何以走向“去社会变革化”?基于美国百年社会工作史的分析

李伟   

  1. 扬州大学社会发展学院社会工作系
  • 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-07-20
  • 作者简介:李伟,E-mail:446420436@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科基金青年项目“城市社区服刑人员的身份均衡及社会工作干预研究”（16CSH066）的阶段性成果。

Why Has Social Work Moved Towards “De-Social Reform”? An Analysis of a Hundred Years' History of American Social Work

LI Wei   

  1. Department of Social Work, School of Social Development, Yangzhou University
  • Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-07-20
  • Supported by:

    This paper is supported by National Social Science Foundation Youth Project of China "The Study on the Identity Balance and Social Work Intervention of Persons Serving Sentences in Urban Communities"(16CSH066).

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摘要：

个人治疗与社会变革是社会工作的双重使命，但在实践中，社会工作沉溺于个人服务，社会变革被边缘化或抛弃。这种“去社会变革化”是由专业的内部因素（专业化）与外部的政治（意识形态）、经济（市场化与管理主义）、文化（个人主义）等因素综合作用的结果。具体而言，专业化的科学主义、意识形态的社会控制、市场化的营利主义、管理主义的效率至上、个人主义的“个人自由”与“个人责任”逻辑，都会将专业的焦点引向个人治疗，远离社会变革。于是，专业化盛行、意识形态保守、市场化与管理主义风靡、个人主义高涨的时期，如20世纪20年代、30年代中后期至60年代、80年代，便是社会工作的“去社会变革化”阶段。同时，专业化是“政治—经济—文化”力量塑造的产物。社会工作“去社会变革化”的真正根源在于外部环境的型塑，其中个人主义文化处于主导地位。

关键词: 个人治疗, 社会工作, 去社会变革化, 社会变革

Abstract:

Social work always insists on the person-in-environment perspective, in which both client and environment are the goals of intervention.In other words, individual therapy and social reform are dual missions of social work and they should be equally important to the profession. However, in practice, social work field suffers so-called "de-social reform,"a phenomenon that individual services are accentuated and social reform agenda isneglected. A combination of internal factors such as professionalization of social work and external factors such as political conservatism, economic marketization and managerialism, and cultural individualism is responsible for the "de-social reform."These elements promote scientism, social control, profit and efficiency, and individual freedom and responsibility.As a result, social change is regarded as unscientific, risky to government, unprofitable, inefficient and inconsistent with individualism. America saw the prevalence of these elements and "de-social reform" in the 1920s, between the middle 1930s and the 1960s, as well as in the 1980s. It should be understood that "de-social reform" in social work is the product of these external factors, among which individualism plays a leading role.

Key words: de-social reform, social reform, social work, individual therapy