过渡治理情境下的中国社会服务困境:基于Z市社会工作服务的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

社会工作近十年来在创新社会治理的推动下发展迅速。本文将重点关注于社会服务组织的服务供给过程及其导致的社会服务困境。通过对治理情境的拓展分析，引入过渡治理情境概念，分析我国社会服务供给。在此情境下，本文以Z市家庭综合服务中心为例，围绕自由裁量权这一概念讨论社会服务组织的服务供给策略及其所导致的服务困境。在过渡治理情境中，消极的自由裁量权与社会工作的半专业化发展结合在一起，社会服务组织选择了“活动化”和“指标化”的服务供给，令社会服务处于创新和碎片化之间，而导致社会服务陷入困境。社会服务困境根源的解决在于建立合作的治理情境、强化本土化社工专业力量以及充分发挥第三方的社会服务供给效力。

关键词: 社会服务组织, 过渡治理情境, 消极自由裁量权, 社会服务困境, 半专业化

Abstract:

The development of social work has been an important part of social governance in the last ten years. Since its reintroduction in 1986, social work as a new profession has gone through a comprehensive development and today it is institutionalized in the governance system in China. Researches on social services in China are short of in-depth analysis of the service delivery process by social service organizations and the dilemma they encounter. Based on the case study of social service organizations in Z city, this paper introduces the concept of transitional governance and offers a comparison between the Chinese social work service and its Western counterparts through analyzing the dilemma between social service organizations' professional position and their social position in the communities. Social service is seen in the West as a "Third-Party Government" of government-nonprofit partnership in the face of government, market and voluntary failures. Western nonprofit organizations demonstrate great capacity to meet human needs, and the civil society is independent from the state. In China, social services are experimental, locally managed and risk-prevention focused. This, as the paper argues, caused the negative discretion and semi-professionalism in Chinese social services, leading to the tactics of "community activities" and "quota-filling," and dissatisfaction among providers and recipients. Such a quandary should be dealt with in a cooperative governance environment, under which local professional social workers are strengthened and the efficiency of third party social service delivery is enhanced.

Key words: governance context, the dilemma of social work service, semi-professionalization of social work, discretion power

黄晓星, 熊慧玲. 过渡治理情境下的中国社会服务困境:基于Z市社会工作服务的研究[J]. 社会杂志, 2018, 38(4): 133-159.

HUANG Xiaoxing, XIONG Huiling. The Dilemma of Social Service in the Context of Transitional Governance in China: The Case Study of Social Work Service in Z City[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2018, 38(4): 133-159.

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