社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 214-240.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

收入如何影响中国夫妻的家务劳动分工？

孙晓冬   

  1. 西安交通大学人文社会科学学院, 实证社会科学研究所
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 作者简介:孙晓冬,E-mail:sunxiaodong49@xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究得到“中国博士后科学基金资助项目”（2018M631130）、西安交通大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”（SK2018017）的自资助。

How Do Earnings Influence Housework Division of Chinese Couples?

SUN Xiaodong   

  1. School of Humanities and Social Science, Institute for Empirical Social Science Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20
  • Supported by:

    The research was supported by "China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project"(2018M631130) and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (SK2018017) in Xi'an Jiaotong University.

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摘要：

在市场劳动领域的性别隔离程度快速下降的时代，是什么因素使得传统主义的家务劳动性别分工模式得以延续？既往研究将原因指向性别差异依旧明显的个人收入，但学界在收入对家务劳动分工的作用机制与作用方向上存在明显争议。通过对CGSS2012数据的考察发现：妻子对配偶经济依赖的下降会减少其家务劳动比例，二者关系不受个人及配偶绝对收入的影响；配偶绝对收入的加入使得经济依赖与丈夫家务劳动比例的联系从线性负相关关系转变为倒“U”型曲线关系。上述发现对于理解当代中国社会收入与劳动性别分工的关系提供了更为准确与具体的证据，并预示了一种不同于已有理论与经验研究的联系性机制与行动策略。

关键词: 收入家务, 劳动经济, 偏离中和, 经济自主, 交换性别

Abstract:

What are the factors contributing to the persistence of gender division in domestic housework while labor market has witnessed a rapid decline of gender segregation? Existing literature attributes the phenomenon to the gender gap in personal income. However, opinions vary on mechanism and direction of the influence. Moreover, comparative empirical studies from different countries find that the theoretical interpretation on personal income and housework has to be contextually adaptive, that is, under different social structures and cultural contexts, different rules may exist about the impact of personal income on gender division of housework. We use CGSS 2012 data to analyze the above issues. Findings suggest that decrease of wife's economic dependence reduces her share of housework and the correlation between the two variables is not affected by wife's nor her spouse's absolute income. However, husband's absolute earnings changes the relationship between wife's economic dependency and husband's share of housework from negative linear correlation to inverted U-curve correlation. These findings not only provide a more precise and concrete evidence for understanding the relationship between income and gender division of homework in contemporary Chinese society, but also suggest a connecting mechanism and behavioral strategy that has not been explored in the existing literature. It is suggested that there might be an "indirect compensation" strategy for gender identity within Chinese families. Under this strategy, with no increase of her housework share, the wife affirms the traditional gender identity of breadwinner/homemaker through indirect compensation, leading to the persistence of gender division of housework.

Key words: income, housework, economic exchange, gender deviance neutralization, economic autonomy