社会杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 70-105.

• 专题：历史社会学 • 上一篇    下一篇

政党、政治与政策：论共产党早期革命中“富农问题”的多重逻辑

孟庆延   

  1. 中国政法大学社会学院、中国政法大学历史社会学与中共党史研究中心
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 作者简介:孟庆延,E-mail:rocker813@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文为中国政法大学2018年科研创新年度青年项目“历史社会学视野下的中国共产党农村调查传统再研究（1921-1943）”（10818444）的阶段性成果。

Party, Politics and Policy: The Multi-Logic of “Rich Peasants Problem” in the Early CCP Revolution

MENG Qingyan   

  1. School of Sociology and Historical Sociology and CCP's History Research Center, China University of Political Science and Law
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20
  • Supported by:

    This article is supported by the projcet "Restudy of the CPC's Rural Investigation Tradition from the Perspective of Historical Sociology (1921-1943)" (10818444), which is one of Annual Youth Project of Scientific Research and Innovation 2018 of China University of Political Science and Law.

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摘要：

“富农”是中国共产党在早期革命实践中以阶级进路分析传统乡村社会的重要概念，也是土地革命历史进程中政策争论与变动的焦点所在，同时更是作为革命政党的中国共产党以马列主义意识形态应对近代以来中国乡村社会危机的关键枢纽。本文认为，富农概念在具体的革命场景中具有下述意涵：其一，它经历了从理论概念到革命实践中斗争对象的转化；其二，它在复杂的斗争形势下演变成“富农路线”问题；其三，以“富农”等概念为基础的分田策略又是苏区土地革命中的重要政策问题。上述维度共同形塑了革命的动力机制。本文在详细梳理多种类型史料的基础上，呈现这一转变的复杂历史过程，进而阐释“富农问题”作为革命动力机制的内在逻辑与社会过程。

关键词: 乡村社会, 革命, 地方精英, 富农

Abstract:

“Rich Peasants” (Funong) is an important concept of class analysis of rural China during the early stage of the Chinese Communist Revolution. It is also a focal point of policy debates and shifts during the Land Reform. The Communist Party pivoted on the concept in its adaptation of Marxist and Leninist ideology for dealing with rural crisis in modern China. This article argues that, under specific local reality of complication and conflicts, the concept became “indigenized” and thus had the following implications:First, Funong transformed itself from an ideological concept in theory into a concrete target of revolution; second, it was also entangled with the struggles of the Communist Party and was later named as the “Route of Rich Peasants” for certain policy practice in the early revolution; third, the definition of “Rich Peasants” and the land policy based on it caused major policy problems during the land reform in the Soviet Areas. These three aspects together constituted a unique revolutionary power mechanism. By reviewing a large amount of historical materials from various sources, this study presents a detailed discussion of the complex historical process of “Rich Peasant” from concept to practice, identifying the internal connection between “Rich Peasants” and “local elites” from multiple perspectives of social history, political history and historical sociology and explaining the inner logic and social process of the concept as a revolutionary power mechanism.

Key words: rich peasants, rural society, local elite, revolution