社会杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 37-70.

• 专题：个案研究与社会学知识体系 • 上一篇    下一篇

将生命还给社会:传记法作为一种总体叙事方式

赵丙祥   

  1. 中国政法大学社会学院
  • 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
  • 作者简介:赵丙祥,E-mail:bxzhao@hotmail.com

Return Life to Society: Biography as a Narrative of the Whole

ZHAO Bingxiang   

  1. School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law
  • Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20

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摘要：

在田野民族志和历史编纂学中，传记法是一种重要的叙事方式。本文从分析林耀华的作品入手，将其置于20世纪20年代以来的社会学和人类学思想脉络中，并在此基础上探讨传记法在中国历史和社会研究中的潜力与可能性。本文将谱系法、个人生命史和社会生命论归纳为“传记法三角”。在（扩展）谱系法和社会结构论的基础上，生命传记法可以呈现一个或多个人的生命历史，作为大历史中的片段。不过，现象学路径有其自身的限度，不能离开对中央政权本身和总体结构的考察。在“时势”和“社会结构”的变迁过程中呈现生命传记，才不会只是个体的故事，而有希望成为一种对中国“总体”社会生活的有力叙事方式。

关键词: 生命史, 时势, 传记法, 谱系法, 社会结构

Abstract:

Biography is a unique way of narration in ethnography and historiography. This paper attempts to position the works of Lin Yaohua in the context of the sociological and anthropological debates since the 1920s,and by doing so,explores the potentials of biographical method in the study of Chinese history and society. Although Lin was a bearer of the biographical tradition of Chinese literature and history,his works were also deeply influenced by both the narrative method of life history in America and the social life studies in France. In addition to the two influential western biographical traditions,anthropologists in Britain developed the genealogical method in their investigation of sacred kingship. This study regards these three traditions of individual life biography,social life studies,and genealogical methods as "biography triangle". Relevant works in contemporary Chinese sociology and anthropology are reviewed under this framework. It is conceivable that phenomenological description alone is not sufficient when applying the biographical method. One must take into consideration of the Chinese centralized power and the overall social structure. Only by placing life biography against the everchanging process of society can it turn individual stories into powerful narratives depicting the whole structure of Chinese social life.

Key words: biography, genealogical method, life history, social structure, conjuncture