社会杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 71-97.

• 专题：个案研究与社会学知识体系 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会学民族志的力量:重返早期社会研究的田野工作

田耕   

  1. 北京大学社会学系
  • 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
  • 作者简介:田耕,E-mail:gengtian@pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本文为国家社科基金一般项目“20世纪前期中国社会学实践的演变机制研究”（16BSH004）的阶段成果。

The Power of the Sociological Ethnography: Revisiting Some Fieldwork of Early Social Research

TIAN Geng   

  1. Department of Sociology, Peking University
  • Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
  • Supported by:

    This research is funded by the project of "The Evolution of the Social Study Practice in China during the First Half of the 20th Century" of the National Social Science Council(16BSH004).

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摘要：

自20世纪70年代以来，社会学民族志在田野工作和叙事复兴中与传统人文学汇聚，显著扩展了自己的学科边界。但是，这种扩展并没有解决社会学民族志在深度的经验发生和强烈的理论诉求之间遭遇的紧张。对于这种紧张，本文主张再访早期社会研究的田野，即19世纪末期到一战之前的若干典型研究，从中反思早期社会学田野工作是如何在“直接经验”的倾向中完成类型化，以及如何在这个经验感获得的同时改变对社会世界的道德想象。早期社会学的田野工作的力量之一不在于以规范的诉求压制经验感，而是以独特的情感结构连接经验的观察和道德理想的重生。由此，我们不仅需要反思诸如社会调查到社区研究这样的简单思路，更要重新理解理论史上所谓的“进步主义式”的道德本身。这一工作对重新认识早期社会研究和今天的社会学民族志都具有意义上的准备。

关键词: 直接观察, 情感结构, 社会学民族志, 田野工作, 进步主义道德

Abstract:

Since about the 1970s, sociological ethnographers have incorporated much of the traditional humanistic approaches into their fieldworks and narrative writings, and in so doing, have expanded the boundary of ethnography. This development, however, has not dissolved the tension facing sociological ethnographers between depicting the intensely first-hand experiences and theorizing them simultaneously. This paper proposes a historical as well as theoretical approach to understand this recurring tension. It is argued that the social researchers of some very important fieldwork conducted between the late 19th century and the end of the WWI conflated moral visions into their ethnographical inquiries. These early researchers sought out direct observations of the social world but, each in his own ways, managed to epitomize their subject matters and,during the process, offered a new structure of sentiment that added experiential valor to the normative sensibility characteristic of their times. The moral dimension of the early fieldwork enriches our understanding of the progressive morality. It is therefore argued that a serious exploration of the linkages between the empirical study, the structure of feeling and the moral reformation is crucial for the critical examination of the existing knowledge about the growth of sociological ethnography as well as the progressive morality itself.

Key words: sociological ethnography, Progressive morality, direct observation, fieldwork, structure of feeling