社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 88-123.

• 专题二：社会分层 • 上一篇    下一篇

不稳定就业与农民工市民化悖论：基于劳动过程的视角

石智雷1, 刘思辰2, 赵颖3   

  1. 1. 中南财经政法大学公共管理学院, 人口与健康研究中心;
    2. 武汉大学经济与管理学院;
    3. 中南财经政法大学财政税务学院, 收入分配研究中心
  • 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 作者简介:石智雷,E-mail:shizhilei2004@126.com

The Paradox of Unstable Employment and the Citizenization of Migrant Workers: Based on the Perspective of Labor Process

SHI Zhilei1, LIU Sichen2, ZHAO Ying3   

  1. 1. Department of Public Administration, Center for Population and Health Research, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;
    2. Department of Economics and Administration, Wuhan University;
    3. Department of Finance and Taxation, Center for the Study of Income Distribution, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
  • Published:2022-01-25

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摘要： 本文旨在从劳动过程的视角，将不稳定就业作为一种资本积累方式进行政治经济学的理论分析，并使用具有全国代表性的调查数据和企业访谈案例，结合广义倾向值匹配等方法进行经验论证。本研究梳理出不稳定就业的一般特征及其对当代中国农民工群体的影响，并尝试从国家与资本的双重运作逻辑中去理解经济转型期农民工市民化的困境。研究发现，在资本积累及劳动过程全球化的背景下，中国形成了规模庞大的农民工及其不稳定就业现象。资本通过控制农民工就业流动而达成最大限度地获取利润的目标，无需承担劳动者的再生产成本。这就从根本上导致了农民工市民化的悖论：不稳定就业有助于提高农民工个体的工资水平，但是不利于其家庭成员随迁。这种资本积累方式的隐蔽性在于，所谓的农民工流动自由其实是雇主通过掐尖式用工以保证资本的利润率。不稳定就业不会提升农民工的群体性收入，反而强化了群体内部的竞争。

关键词: 不稳定就业, 农民工, 市民化悖论, 劳动过程理论, 资本积累

Abstract: From the perspective of labor process, this paper offers a theoretical analysis of political economy by treating unstable employment as a way of capital accumulation. The study uses the nationally representative survey data of migrant workers and interviews of enterprises, combined with the counterfactual methods such as generalized propensity value matching, to present an empirical case study. The general characteristics of unstable employment and the shaping of the contemporary Chinese migrant workers are discussed from the dual operation logic of the state and capital in order to understand the plight of the citizenization of migrant workers in the economic transition period. The globalization of capital accumulation and labor process have created the phenomenon of large-scale migrant workers and their unstable employment status in China. By dictating the employment flow of migrant workers, capital achieves the goal of maximizing profits without bearing the reproduction cost of laborers. This fundamentally leads to the paradox of the citizenization of migrant workers:the unstable employment helps migrant workers' job mobility in seeking better wages, but it is at the same time not conducive to the relocation of their family members. This form of capital accumulation conceals the fact that the so-called freedom of movement of migrant workers is merely a way for capital to maximize profit margins by so-called "pinching-the-tops" hiring practice. Unstable employment will not raise the collective income of migrant workers but only intensify the competition within the group.

Key words: unstable employment, migrant workers, paradox of citizenization, labor process theory, capital accumulation