社会杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 208-239.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

“农转非”人口政府照护责任认知的特征及其生成机制

臧雷振, 徐榕   

  • 发布日期:2024-08-15
  • 作者简介:臧雷振 中国人民大学公共管理学院 E-mail:leizhen@pku.edu.cn;徐榕 中国农业大学人文与发展学院
  • 基金资助:
    本研究是国家社科基金重大项目“互联网发展与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(项目号22&ZD028)的阶段性成果。

Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Government Care Responsibility Perception among Rural-to-Urban Migrants

ZANG Leizhen, XU Rong   

  • Published:2024-08-15
  • Supported by:
    This research was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(22&ZD028).

摘要: 随着户籍改革持续深入,中国数亿人口经历了“农转非”过程,深入分析“农转非”人口的福利态度,可拓展对福利态度与福利制度、人口迁移间关系的讨论。本文对CGSS数据的分析发现:“出身乡土、告别农村”的“农转非”人口的政府照护责任认知低于城市原住民。农业户籍生活经历塑造了“农转非”人口自身承担更多责任的福利伦理,跨制度转移通过提升其对社会与自我发展的积极预期,抑制了其对政府照护的偏好。由于“政策性农转非”和“选择性农转非”的路径差异,“农转非”人口内部也存在观念异质性。该研究结果启迪我们,经典福利态度理论的内涵和生成机制具有复杂性,其对于确定我国政府福利责任边界的参考价值有待商榷,决策者更需考量客观福利供给水平。同时,福利态度研究还需进一步对其伦理内核加以阐释,才能为扎实推进中国特色的基本公共服务和社会保障体系建设提供智力支持。

关键词: “农转非”, 福利态度, 福利伦理, 福利制度, 政府照护责任认知

Abstract: The hukou division between urban and rural areas leads to objective disparities in the government welfare provision across different regions,resulting in the differentiation of residents’ subjective attitudes towards welfare. With the deepening of household registration reforms,hundreds of millions of people in China have gone through the process of “rural-to-urba” residential migration. An in-depth discussion on their welfare attitudes would not only help to fill the gap in research on the subjective characteristics of this group but also broaden the discussion on the relationship between welfare attitudes,the welfare system,and population migration. An empirical analysis on CGSS data reveals that significant and consistent differences exist between rural-to-urban migrants and local residents on the perceptions of government welfare responsibilities. The previous rural life experience has shaped the welfare ethic of rural-to-urban migrants that tends to assume more responsibility for their own well-being. The “life event” of cross-system migration leads to more positive outlooks of social and personal development,inhibiting their expectation for the government to take care of them. Among migrants,cognitive difference exists between those who made rural to urban conversion under “policy programs”and those by their own choice and action. The study brings the following insights:The gradual improvement of China’s welfare system,as well as the fact that cross-system migration increases the variability of welfare attitudes and the complexity of formation mechanisms,have made it questionable of the theoretical value of researches that attempt to determine the boundaries of the government’s responsibility for welfare with the help of foreign viewpoints on welfare. Policymakers need to take into account the objective level of welfare provisionand continue to improve public wellbeing. At the same time,the research of welfare attitudes needs to go further from tracking explicit preferences to interpreting their ethical core,so as to provide intellectual support for the profound connection between welfare system design and welfare ethics,and to promote the development of welfare policies with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: rural-to-urban migration, welfare attitude, welfare ethics, welfare system, government care responsibility perception