社会杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 1-26.

• 专题一：家庭与婚姻观念的变迁与实践 •    下一篇

“个体化”之困：当代法国家庭研究的疑义与论争

吴真   

  1. 山东社会科学院省情与社会发展研究院
  • 发布日期:2021-03-23
  • 作者简介:吴真,E-mail:venersezw@126.com

The Paradox of Individualization: Queries and Debates in Contemporary French Sociology of Family

WU Zhen   

  1. Institut of Provincial State and Social Development, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences
  • Published:2021-03-23

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摘要： 20世纪90年代起，与“家庭个体化”相关的研究在法国社会学界大量涌现。鉴于现象本身的复杂性和不同的观察视域及诠释逻辑，对这一问题的思考逐渐形成了相互对立的两种认知。本文从家庭个体化的内涵、源起、影响三方面入手，以“解放—束缚”“内生—外生”“人文化—心病化”为正反坐标，串联和辨析其中的疑义与论争，并尝试寻找整合这种二元分隔的方式。在此基础上，文末提出将心理学与量化方法引入对家庭个体化的研究，为今后的中法理论融合与中国本土考察提供些许思路。

关键词: 家庭个体化, 家庭社会学, 法国社会学, 社会变迁, 研究方法

Abstract: Since the 1990s,with the diversification of family structure and the expression of individuality,the contemporary French sociology of family has renewed its attention to the relationship between family and individual. As a result,a large number of studies and debates about the "individualization of family" have emerged. In view of the complexity of the phenomenon itself and the differences in perspectives and analysis among scholars,we present here two major opposing views on its connotation,origin and influence. One view believes that this phenomenon comes from the demands and efforts of individual actors that marks the liberation of modern individuals and the decline of traditional families,bringing about a lifestyle and a civilization that are more in line with the needs of humanity. The other view sees the technological progress,social education and institutional innovation as the main driving forces of the "individualization of family". Therefore,for individuals, "individualization" constitutes constraints and even a cause for further stratification,ethnic division and mental illness of the society. The queries and debates between the two camps reflect two problems:First,in reality,even though individual are increasingly able to pursue their own identity,they can still be judged critically by the collective socio-cultural environment in France. Second,the long-standing dualistic thinking leads to a split between micro-and macro-perspective among French academia,making it difficult to construct a unified theory over the issue. To alleviate this dilemma,this paper proposes an exchange of ideas between Chinese and French studies. The aim is to put aside the differences between the two views,and instead to approach the phenomenon in a holistic and diachronic way. In addition, quantitative and psychological methods can be introduced into future studies of the individualization within the Chinese families that may help shed some lights on how to integrate the dualistic perspectives with the localization in explaining the noticeable social transformation.

Key words: individualization of family, sociology of family, French sociology, social transformation, methodology