社会杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 183-213.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

谁主认同？转型时期中国女性阶层地位认同的多重建构及其世代变迁

王鹏1, 干一卿2   

  1. 1. 香港中文大学社会学系;
    2. 复旦大学社会科学高等研究院
  • 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 作者简介:干一卿,E-mail:yiqing_gan@link.cuhk.edu.hk
  • 基金资助:
    本文得到复旦大学2020年度原创科研个性化支持项目("从0出发"项目) "巨变社会中的代内流动与心理健康:探索边界、速度及轨迹的影响" (项目号:IDH3548015/014)的资助。

Who Dominates?Multiple Constructions of Women's Subjective Class Identity and Their Cohort Dynamics in Transitional China

WANG Peng1, GAN Yiqing2   

  1. 1. Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;
    2. Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences, Fudan University
  • Published:2022-10-25
  • Supported by:
    The research is funded by the Intragenerational Mobility and Mental Health During the Great Transition:Exploring the Influence of the Boundary,Speed and Trajectory (Project Number:IDH3548015/014) of Fudan University 2020 Personalized Support Project for original scientific research (starting from 0).

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摘要： 女性的阶层地位认同研究近年来受到广泛关注，但缺乏多重建构视角下基于长期转型背景的世代变迁分析。本文旨在回答两个重要问题：第一，已婚女性的阶层地位认同是否受到婚姻匹配与代际流动的影响，丈夫、父亲与女性自身的客观阶层及其差异如何影响女性的主观地位认同；第二，上述影响模式如何随出生世代发生变化。在使用对角线参照模型分析中国综合社会调查（CGSS）2010—2017年的合并数据后发现：相较于自身的客观阶层，中国已婚女性整体上倾向于以丈夫的客观阶层来建构自身的阶层认同，但越年轻的世代这一倾向越弱；父亲客观阶层的影响则与自身客观阶层的影响并重，甚至随世代变迁略有增强。上述结果体现了中国特色的家庭现代化模式，即已婚女性虽愈少依赖于配偶，但依然与原生家庭保持着紧密连结。

关键词: 阶层认同, 女性, 社会转型, 世代变迁, 对角线参照模型

Abstract: How women construct their subjective class identity has attracted extensive attention.However,the discussion of the multiple constructed model of women's class identity in existing studies lacks of depth,nor is there an analysis of the generational changes of the model.This study aims to answer two important questions against the backdrop of a society in transition:first,which is the most dominant factor in shaping married women's subjective class identity,the class of their own,their husbands',or their fathers'?Answers to this question reveal the impacts of assortative mating and intergenerational mobility.Second,how does the multiple construction pattern change across birth cohorts?The cohort dynamics help reflect the evolution of gender roles and family values in China.Using the pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2010-2017 and the Diagonal Reference Models,our study finds that in general Chinese married women tend to construct their own class identity based on the objective class of their husbands,but this trend is reversed in the younger cohorts.Fathers'objective class status carries roughly the same weight as women's own,but its impact becomes moderately stronger in younger cohorts.Taken together,the above findings reveal a special pathway of family modernization in transitional China,that is,married women,although increasingly independent of their spouses,still maintain closely connected with their natal families.

Key words: subjective class identity, women, social transition, cohort dynamics, Diagonal Reference Models