社会杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 151-175.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

金融波动对中国农村社会变迁的影响——以费孝通、张之毅“云南三村调查”为基础

杨清媚()   

  • 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-04-29
  • 作者简介:杨清媚  中国政法大学社会学院, E-mail: qingmei_yang@163.com

The Impact of Financial Volatility on Social Change in Rural China: Based on Fei Xiaotong and Zhang Zhiyi's "Three Villages in Yunnan" Survey

Qingmei YANG()   

  • Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-29
  • About author:YANG Qingmei, School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and Law, E-mail: qingmei_yang@163.com

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摘要：

1938—1942年，费孝通和张之毅观察并分析了内地农村受国民政府金融政策影响出现的社会崩溃。通过对他们的研究的再分析，本文归纳了“燕京学派”农村金融研究的内容：乡村共同体的现金周转调剂、乡村工业的资金积累、乡村商业资本和土地金融问题。随着通胀恶化，这些方面的相应变化显示了城市金融危机对农村社会严重的“虹吸效应”。“燕京学派”意识到中国乡村自身的嵌入性特征和世界经济已经脱嵌之间的矛盾，试图探索一条保护乡村社会的道路。与费孝通同时期的“双轨政治”相呼应，“燕京学派”关于农村经济和金融的研究也呈现出“双轨制”特点。他们对今天的启发在于，中国金融应该是一个综合考虑保卫社会和促进宏观经济发展的独特形态。

关键词: 农村金融, 通胀, 燕京学派, 城乡经济关系

Abstract:

The rural studies of the Yanjing School of Chinese sociology explored a range of topics such as the financialization of land, handicrafts and finance, and the qianhui(loaning society). In 1938-1942, Fei Xiaotong and Zhang Zhiyi, the main members of the Yanjing School, investigated the rural areas of Yunnan and observed the social collapse of the villages in the interior as a result of the national government's financial policies. The paper argued that the rural finance research of the Yanjing School included at least four aspects: (1) Cash flow transfers in rural communities; (2) Capital accumulation in rural industry; (3) Rural commercial capital; (4) Land financial issues. As inflation worsened, the corresponding changes in these areas showed that the urban financial crisis had a serious siphoning effect on rural societies. The paper pointed out that the Yanjing School, aware of the contradiction between the embedded character of the Chinese countryside and the dis-embedded nature of the world economy, did not want to see a system of financial corruption around the sitters, nor did it want to follow the fully marketized financial pattern of Western Europe, but rather attempted to explore a way to protect the rural society. Echoing Fei Xiaotong's"dual-track politics" of the same period, the financial research of the Yanjing School was also characterized by a dual-track system. They realized that the "two-track system" of the small peasant economy and the market economy had become the main contradiction, and that in order to solve this contradiction, the market economy could not be used as the single logic and the main basis. In the face of the rapid onslaught of the capitalist market system, the transformation of the countryside should be a relatively slow process that could not be achieved at the expense of the countryside. What the rural finance research of the Yanjing School can teach us today is that Chinese finance should be a unique form that integrates the defense of society and the promotion of macroeconomic development.

Key words: rural finance, inflation, Yanjing School, urban-rural economic relations