社会杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 71-95.

• 专题二：中国人情感结构的历史与现实 • 上一篇    下一篇

“一本主义”及其反思——丧服学与陶希圣的社会史研究

黄康佳()   

  • 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-14
  • 作者简介:黄康佳  清华大学哲学系, E-mail：hkj22@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

One-Foundationism and Its Reflection: Tao Xisheng's Socio-Historical Research on the System of Mourning Apparel

Kangjia HUANG()   

  • Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-14
  • About author:HUANG Kangjia, Department of Philosophy, Tsinghua University, E-mail：hkj22@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

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摘要：

陶希圣通过“一本主义”理论指出，中国社会中的“家”由亲亲与尊尊双重原则构成，其中尊尊原则尤其塑造了中国社会中“家”的独特性质。相较于当代学者由丧服制度探求“家”之伦理精神的思路，陶希圣早年的丧服学研究从权力支配切入，而他在晚年则对此进行了深入反思。其前后转变在相当程度上揭示了晚清以来的研究过度依靠权力支配之视角，而较少反思地使用“家长权”概念来理解中国社会中的“家”所造成的理论困难。同时，其早年的家长权阐释建立在静止社会的基础上，塑造了一种停滞的传统社会图景。晚年的陶希圣更强调“家”的伦理维度与支配维度之间的微妙张力与动态平衡，展示出中国传统社会中“家”所具有的开放性，对理解当今中国社会中的家庭转型不无裨益。

关键词: 一本主义, 丧服学, 陶希圣, 家

Abstract:

As a pioneer in the study of Chinese social history, Tao Xisheng was influenced by Henry Maine and Hu Peihui. He was the first to connect the study of the system of mourning apparel with social sciences, using his "One-foundationism "theory to point out that the "family" in Chinese society was constituted by the dual principles of qinqin (affection for kin) and zunzun (respect for superiors). He argued that the zunzun principle had shaped the unique nature of the "family" in Chinese society, making it not simply a blood relationship, and it was the key to understanding the "family" in Chinese society. Unlike contemporary scholars who explore the ethical spirit of the "family" through the system of mourning apparel, Tao's research originated from modern critiques of the family. His early social-historical study of the system of mourning apparel approached the subject through the lens of power rather than moral values. In his later years, Tao reflected deeply on this and emphasized the "relativism" nature of the zunzun principle.Tao's intellectual evolution from constructing and then rejecting a systematic theory that interpreted the zunzun principle through paternal authority, significantly exposed the theoretical difficulties since the late Qing dynasty by excessively relying on power domination, especially the uncritical use of paternal authority to understand the "family" in Chinese society. Tao's early interpretation of paternal authority was based on a static society. However, in his later years, despite affirming traditional family values, he did not recreate a new pastoral-idyllic static societal scene. Instead, he revealed the subtle tension and dynamic balance between the values and dominative dimensions of the "family." This dynamic perspective suggests to contemporary researchers the inherent openness of the "family" in traditional Chinese society. It also offers valuable insights for understanding the spiritual underpinnings of the family in present-day Chinese society.

Key words: One-foundationism, mourning apparel, Tao Xisheng, family