社会杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 208-238.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

技术变革时代的技能回报与中国劳动力市场的多重分割

王鹏(), 李桉涛, 刘欣   

  • 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 作者简介:王鹏  复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院社会学系, E-mail: rmdxwp@163.com
    李桉涛  复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院社会学系
    刘欣  复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院社会学系
  • 基金资助:
    本文得到上海哲学社会科学规划项目青年课题(2024ESH006);上海市白玉兰人才计划浦江项目(24PJC008)

The Returns on Skills in an Era of Technological Change and Multi-Dimensional Segmentation of Chinese Labor Market

Peng WANG(), Antao LI, Xin LIU   

  • Online:2025-11-20 Published:2026-01-20
  • About author:WANG Peng, Department of Sociology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, E-mail: rmdxwp@163.com
    LI Antao, Department of Sociology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University
    LIU Xin, Department of Sociology, School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University
  • Supported by:
    Research Projects Funded by Shanghai Municipal Foundation for Philosophy and Social Science(2024ESH006);the Pujiang Grant under the Shanghai Baiyulan Talent Program(24PJC008)

RichHTML

6

PDF

54

摘要：

近年来，以自动化和生成式人工智能为代表的技术革新正加速重塑劳动力市场，引发了学界对劳动力市场分化的广泛讨论。本文基于中国劳动力市场情境，结合互联网招聘大数据与调查数据，系统考察技术变革背景下技能分层及其与传统市场分割维度之间的关系。研究结果表明：首先，技能差异已成为分析中国劳动力市场分化的重要维度，从事更需要抽象认知性技能职业的劳动者在就业风险、收入水平、工作状况、社会保障等方面显著优于其他技能群体；其次，技能分层与传统制度分割呈现异质性的交互格局，体制内部门以制度庇护的方式弱化了技能回报分化的市场后果，户籍制度则未体现庇护作用，城镇户籍劳动者内部由技能引致的收入差距反而更大。这些结果反映了中国劳动力市场呈现出多重分割的状况，技术驱动的技能分割与原有制度逻辑共同形塑了分层秩序，凸显了中国式现代化进程中“叠加式转型”的复杂性。

关键词: 技能回报差异, 制度调节, 技术变革, 劳动力市场分割

Abstract:

In recent years, technological innovations represented by automation and generative artificial intelligence have accelerated the reshaping of labor markets. Against this backdrop, China's labor market has been simultaneously shaped by both traditional stratification structures and the growing skill premium, resulting in a more complex and dynamic landscape. Drawing on large-scale online recruitment as well as survey data, this study systematically examines the skill-based segmentation of China's labor market and how it interacts with traditional institutional divides. Key findings reveal that skill disparities have emerged as a critical dimension of labor market differentiation in China. Workers engaged in occupations requiring higher levels of abstract cognitive skills enjoy significant advantages over other skill groups in terms of employment risks, income levels, working conditions, and social security benefits. These advantages persist even after accounting for differences in human capital and institutional segmentation. Furthermore, skill stratification interacts heterogeneously with traditional institutional segmentation: institutional protections in the public sector mitigate market consequences of skill disparities- particularly in employment risks and earnings-whereas the hukou system fails to exhibit such buffering effects. Notably, wage gaps driven by skill differences are even more pronounced among urban hukou holders. Overall, the findings support our hypothesis that skills constitute a key dimension of labor market segmentation in contemporary China. The market has become increasingly differentiated along the axis of skill competitiveness, with workers possessing higher-level abstract cognitive skills occupying more advantageous positions in terms of market returns. At the same time, technology-driven skill premiums and pre-existing institutional logics jointly shape hierarchical orders, underscoring the complexity of "layered transitions" within China's modernization process.

Key words: differences in skill returns, institutional moderation, technological changes, labor market segmentation