2024 Vol.44

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From Medical Labels to “Disorder” Reality: The Clinical Ethnography of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder LI Rongrong Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 1-31.   Abstract （310）   HTML （37）    PDF（pc） （3690KB）（304）       Knowledge map    Save Diagnosis and treatment are crucial steps in the process of medicalization, in which medical labels are enacted into disease realities. This article focuses on the clinical practice of pediatric psychiatrists， and seeks to advance our understanding of medicalization by providing a “thick description” of this practice. The article analyzes the clinical practice of doctors diagnosing children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder （ADHD） and prescribing medication. It also examines the different actions taken by parents in this process， such as cooperation， hesitation， or capitulation. The medical attributes of ADHA as a neurodevelopmental disorder is not only embedded in the interactive relationships and collaboration networks of medicine， education， and family， but also linked to the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment. By focusing on clinical practice， the article brings the “human” and moral dimensions of medicalization to the forefront， and in so doing， presents a vivid account of how mental health categories are sometimes smoothly and sometimes haltingly incorporated into everyday life. Ultimately， the article argues that focusing on clinical practice can help us understand the mechanisms of medicalization at the micro level， and its ongoing and unfinished nature as a social process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Domesticating Cleaning Technologies: User-Adaption Trials in the Model of Interessement GUO Yusong, HONG Wei Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 32-60.   Abstract （151）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （3161KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save In conjunction with the ongoing rural clean heating renovation project in northern China， this study compares the home adoption of two technologies of air source heat pumps（ASHPs） and wall-mounted natural gas heaters（NGHs） in rural settings. Why hasn't the clean technology introduced into households in Li Village changed the traditional heating methods of most villagers to achieve the expected clean heating results？ This article finds that the lack of technological domestication process is the key to the inability of new technologies to be integrated into villagers' daily lives. The sudden intervention of clean technology is like an intrude of untamed animals. Users need to combine their living habits and household heating needs, and spontaneously complete multiple adaptive trails such as price measurement, adjustment, and transformation based on the flexibility of the technology. In this two-way interaction with clean technology， personalized usage patterns are formed to alleviate the tension between the technical design scripts and users' habits. With low flexibility， ASHPs have resulted in mismatches in terms of device performance， heating costs， and installation space， affecting the participation of villagers in the trials and ultimately limiting their usefulness as an auxiliary tool in addition to the traditional coal-stove heating system. NGHs with high technological flexibility not only provide villagers with powerful information about cost， kitchen renovation and more， but also the possibility to rewrite the original scripts， allowing villagers to take initiatives to produce knowledge and products that meet their daily needs， therefore completing the entire process of home adaptation of new technology. Only by giving space for negotiation between technologies and users can technology-driven social transformation projects better promote changes in people's lifestyles and sustainable green upgrades. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Pluralistic Society and Relationism Mind: Karl Mannheim’s Wissenssoziologie and Epistemology ZHANG Xueqia Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 61-90.   Abstract （210）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （3168KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save Karl Mannheim's theory of the sociology of knowledge which claimed that knowledge is shaped by social positions made him one of the founding fathers of the branch, but his contribution was also criticized by American academia for relativism， and was therefore excluded from the mainstream of sociology. This paper presents an overview of the discussions and criticisms from the period， distinguishing between specific and general forms of relativism and their countervailing responses in Mannheim's theory. On the first level， specific relativism holds that since the sociology of knowledge believes that all human knowledge is affected by the social position of its creator， the scientific nature of this argument itself is also affected by the position of its proposer. In this regard， Mannheim's point of view is that the understanding of this influence will eventually lead to a higher level of liberation， so the criticism of special relativism does not constitute a substantial deconstruction of Mannheim's theory. On the second level， general relativism accuses Mannheim's theory of threatening the overall legitimacy of social scientific knowledge. Mannheim's response to this criticism is a new type of epistemology that abandons all forms of transcendental truth. By analyzing the German hermeneutics tradition， the impact of interpretivism， and the social dissolutions and people's self-consciousness in Weimar Germany that gave rise to the sociology of knowledge， this paper shows the affinity between the society's anomie status and the vigor of the sociology of knowledge. By comparing the classic sociology of knowledge and its American counterpart， this paper argues that the purpose of Mannheim's sociology of knowledge is to understand dissolution and self-consciousness at the societal level， rather than the production of middle-range causal explanations. Therefore， the insights of Mannheim's epistemology and his new concept of relationism are still of irreplaceable importance to understand today's ideological landscape. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mathematical Function and Cultural Contract: Malinowski’s Science of Culture WANG Yanbin Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 91-125.   Abstract （159）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （3458KB）（120）       Knowledge map    Save Malinowski's participatory observation establishes the basic field method of modern anthropology. But his methodology is not an isolated investigative technique， but a systematic theory of Science of Culture rooted in the context of social theory. Malinowski's works are conscious dialogues with traditions such as social contract theory and the Durkheim school and reveal the resources he draws from the debate between individualism and collectivism. On the one hand， he is influenced by the Durkheim school， but he does not agree with its social substance theory and denies the existence of a collective consciousness beyond the individual. He advocates the functional theory of mathematical function based on Mach's empirical criticism. This theory opposes the metaphysical assumptions in classical anthropology as well as previous sociological theories， and advocates the universal correlation and interdependence of cultural elements. On this basis， Malinowski develops the social contract theory by using the “cultural contract” to construct the history of human beings from a “pre-cultural” state to a cultural state， and presents the layered construction process of cultural and social organizations based on individual needs. Thus， culture is revealed as an organic whole. On the other hand， he overcomes the tendency of contract theory to substantiate individuals and points out that in reality， there is no real “natural person”. Individuals are completely shaped by culture in functional relationships. Therefore， Malinowski emphasizes a mixture of individualism and collectivism， with society and individuals being closely and interdependently related to each other. The theory of cultural science forms the theoretical basis of Malinowski's field method and permeates his fieldwork， and also significantly influences the exploration of early Chinese sociology and anthropology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Community Labels and Imperial Expansion: Social Categorization and Imperial Administration in Northwest Sichuan During the Mid-late Ming Period HU Xiaobai Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 126-148.   Abstract （121）   HTML （16）    PDF（pc） （10209KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save The non-Han population in northwest Sichuan during the Ming dynasty relied on community labels as a means of differentiation. Examining the origin and connotation of these labels provides an important perspective for understanding the mid-to-late Ming frontier policies and social structure of peripheral regions. In the 15th century, binary communal labels such as “Big/Small Surname，” “Cattle/Goat Tail，” and “Buddhist/Daoist” were widespread， highlighting the tense community relations in local society. Due to its inclination of implementing indirect rule over borderland society， the Ming court did not interfere excessively in local affairs in northwest Sichuan. From the late 15th century to the early 16th century， the Ming court utilized the long-standing local concept of “black-white” labels for frontier governance and sought to reinterpret the cultural connotation of the labels from “kind/evil” to “loyal/disloyal to the Ming”. However， due to limited penetration of the state power at the time， the local and the state connotations of these labels were able to coexist for an extended period in the frontier regions. In the mid-to-late 16th century， the Ming court's borderland knowledge failed to accurately reflect the social reality. Nevertheless， through extensive military operations and subsequent infiltration of imperial power into northwest Sichuan non-Han communities， the Ming successfully reshaped power dynamics within the local society. Consequently， the meanings of “Fan and Qiang” underwent a transformation from quasi-ethnic labels to indicators of degree of assimilation towards the imperial Han. The formation and evolution of cultural connotations of northwest Sichuan community labels during the Ming dynasty can be attributed to an interface between two knowledge systems， highlighting a distinctive form of center-periphery interaction that centers around social categorization. Examining community labels in northwest Sichuan， this article argues， can deepen our understanding of power negotiations and identity politics within non-Han frontier societies during the Ming dynasty. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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What Makes a Family：Farmers’ Families That Live Separately but Keep Together HE Qifeng, ZHOU Xinyu Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 149-177.   Abstract （346）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （3200KB）（315）       Knowledge map    Save This article analyzes the phenomenon of “separated but keep together” in four rural families in Micun，Yunnan Province，in response to the question of “what makes a family”. It reflects on and expands the fixed division of family structure and boundaries at the experiential level. The study has found that the ever-changing family forms are just ways to adapt to social changes，which means the current family form is a “temporary solution”. Once a farmer's family encounters a major disruption，the sudden changes in the family's internal situation or external conditions force responsible family members to make compromises and breakthroughs in personal life and economic functions. The process of resolving conflicts manifests as the process of readjusting the relationship between individuals and families to achieve a new balance. Therefore，the survival and prosperity of the vertical axis structure of the family has always been the goal，constituting the most fundamental action logic of each family member. This is the force that unites peasant families. In the current urban-rural relationship，the scattered family structure is a result of farmers'necessity for livelihood. The dispersion of rural family forms does not necessarily mean the occurrence of individualized trends among rural residents. The core purpose of the family drives the dispersion of family forms，and the ethical responsibility transcends space and exerts a binding force on family members scattered in various places. Finally，this article links the actions of family members with the family structure，emphasizing the purpose and principles of action from the perspective of individual family members，while not denying the role of external factors such as economic status. The family structure does not constitute a constraint on the actions of family members，rather，it is the result of the decisions made by family members in accordance with behaviour ethics during the transition period. Economic factors are only a means of contributing to or making it more tortuous to this process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Raising Hope：The Impact of Intergenerational Mobility on Fertility Desire in China CAI Weicheng, XIE Yu Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 178-212.   Abstract （371）   HTML （54）    PDF（pc） （3762KB）（339）       Knowledge map    Save Children play such a crucial role in Chinese families that their future socioeconomic prospects significantly influence parents' reproductive decision. Drawing on the data from the 2010-2018 Chinese General Social Survey （CGSS），this study investigates the impact of macro-level intergenerational mobility on fertility intentions. The findings reveal a positive association between relative mobility and desired family size. Mediation analysis highlights the importance of subjective attitudes，including expected social status，subjective well-being，and societal evaluations. Additionally，analyses along socio-economic gradients demonstrate a diminishing effect of relative mobility with increasing socio-economic status，though it remains non-negative among high socio-economic groups. Furthermore，there are gender differences，with a more pronounced pattern observed among men than women，particularly regarding the preference for male offspring. Finally，the method of instrumental variable mitigates attenuation biases from measurement errors. This study advances our understanding of macro-level determinants of fertility intentions and underscores the significance of mobility opportunities for fertility policy considerations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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How Does Social Status of Family Influence the Mental Health Returns of Education：Resource Compensation or Enhancement? CHANG Qingsong, HU Jingliang, LIU Zixi Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (1): 213-234.   Abstract （430）   HTML （49）    PDF（pc） （2007KB）（245）       Knowledge map    Save There are abundant studies on the relationship between family socioeconomic status， and individual mental health， yet few have explored the topic of whether the impact of education on mental health is heterogeneous among groups of different socio-economic origins. Resource Compensation Theory and Resource Enhancement Theory present a pair of competing hypotheses： when self-induced educational achievements and pre-existing family social status work together， there might be either compensatory effects or a tendency of mutual enhancement to affect mental health. To examine the applicability of these two theoretical hypotheses in China， this study utilizes the 2017 data of the Chinese General Social Survey（CGSS）， taking personal educational level as the core explanatory variable and the social status of family origin as the moderate variable. The study investigates whether the promoting effects of education on mental health vary across different family backgrounds and whether there are gender differences in the moderating effect of social status of family origin. The results of the study indicate that both the social status of family origin and the educational level play significant roles in improving mental health status. Moreover， there is a significant moderating effect of social status of family of origin on the relationship between education and mental health both in the overall population and gender-specific groups， which supports the Resource Compensation Theory. In other words， individuals from disadvantaged social status of family origin can obtain more mental health benefits from education compared to those from higher social strata. Furthermore， compared to males， females facing dual disadvantages obtain much higher mental health returns from educational achievements. This paper provides evidence-based implications for enhancing the mental health of females and individuals with disadvantaged family capital. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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General Social Emotions from the Perspective of National Governance ZHANG Yan, LI Hanlin Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 1-35.   Abstract （180）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （3096KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Save The paper explores general social emotions in society in terms of its concept and methodology，operationalization and influencing factors. Herein，general social emotions is regarded as a relatively consistent collective expression that is dispersed among different social groups and can easily resonate and be shared. It is relatively stable beliefs，spirits and values formed on the basis of social cognition，social identity and behavioral orientation. The structure of general social emotions is mainly composed of social cognition，identity and behavioural orientation and is operated through satisfaction，social trust and social confidence，while the function of general social emotions is mainly represented by social integration and structural maintenance. General social emotions is always embedded in social structure. The duality of structure is manifested in the fact that social behaviors guided by general social emotions not only maintain but also change structure. It has a restrictive effect on human behavior and also serves as premises and conditions of behavior. The paper also discusses the research methodology of general social emotions from three aspects of comparison，micro-meso-macro connections，and deduction from individuality to collectivity. The paper emphasises that by accurate grasps of general social emotions，national governance can avoid superficiality at the micro-level and gain true insights of people’s subjective feelings. At the macro level，it can closely link individuals，the state and society，and eventually integrate and embed itself in social structure. The process of governance is the construction，deconstruction and reconstruction of such general social emotions. The effort to understand our time and society through general social emotions and use it as a policy tool for national governance has important academic research and policy inspiration value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Interactive Construction Between Overseas Views of China and Chinese Cultural Subjectivity Narration WU Huanyu, ZHU Jiangang Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 36-60.   Abstract （81）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （3029KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save By analysing the legend of Dean Lung derived from the Dean Lung Lectureship in Sinology event, this paper finds that the important construction nodes of its historical narrative can be mostly placed in the intersection between the China Fever in the United States and the trend among Chinese intellectuals to construct their own cultural identity. A series of interactions reveal how the international order prior to the Opium War played a dual role in the modern era： for China, it became a central Chinese complex， symbolized by Confucian Civilization; for the West， it was transformed into positive Orientalism， symbolized by Confucian China. The dialogue between the two in the construction space of Dean Lung’s legend， with their different developmental forms， constitutes an interactive interpretation， which clearly represents the symbolic imagination of “What is China？” in the course of modern Sino-American communication. In this regard， the interpretations of Chinese civilization produced by intellectuals are also enveloped by the established historical structures of cross-cultural interactions. This reveals that the vertical introspection and horizontal communication of “cultural consciousness” are actually a dynamic system of continuous dialogue across time and space that complements and constructs each other. The selection of positive China symbols for expressions may generate goodwill and interest toward China from other cultures and even the international community but also， to some extent， narrows the space for people to imagine China and limits the possibilities of knowing the real China. Once aware of this， scholars will be better placed to understand and master the key to the cultural exchange. It will also help us to tell the story of China and the world with a broader mind and richer wisdom， and continuously deepen the theoretical thinking on the dialogue， mutual appreciation and integration among civilizations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discernible Break-off and Implicit Continuity：Modernization of Family Ethics from the Perspective of Intergenerational Co-Parenting in China JI Yingying, RUAN Wenya Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 61-97.   Abstract （120）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （4075KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save This article examines the intergenerational co-parenting experiences of “rural second-generation” urban immigrant families，and the practical process of rebuilding family balance by the second generation in cohabitation and co-parenting setting during the urbanization of rural households. Under the intense pressure of modernization，the middle generation consciously wants to raise their children according to the concepts and skills of cultivating modern individuals，causing a significant break off from the ideas of grandparent generation. At the same time，with the practice of co-living and parenting sharing，the middle generation has implicitly continued traditional notions of parent-child unity(qinzi yiti) to balance family relationships. To various degrees a “cultural consciousness” may have occurred to recognize the dependence of modern childrearing practices on the support of traditional family unity. The intertwining of unity（yiti） and individuality（geti） shapes the emotional world of family members. When the middle generation develops a recognition of “unity” alongside individual reflection on individualism，the apparent differences between tradition and modernization can be bridged，and both individuality and unity can be genuinely implemented. When the middle generation exercises individual space within unity，obvious differences can be rationalized in family life. However，when the middle generation fails to coordinate properly，unity and individuality may fragment into two opposing forces that can tear apart the family. It is noteworthy that conflicts and deep divisions in rural families often happen between grandparents and mothers. This phenomenon may indicate that the intensive modernization and ideological conflicts have likely placed women at the precise intersection of social and familial tensions. The study not only highlights the profound and enduring support of traditional ethics in the Chinese modernization process but also underscores its potential for creative transformation in the present context. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Urbanization，Spatial Planning and Reproduction of Urban-Rural Relationship: A Case Study of a Suburban Village in China LU Bingzhe Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 98-124.   Abstract （114）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （3826KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save Spatial planning is not merely a technology-led scientific practice, but also a social undertaking. There have been two research approaches in social sciences that reveal the social dynamics of planning: one is to use the framework of interest politics to explore the inter-governmental negotiations in planning formulation； and the other is to examine the interplay between the state and society in planning based on the paradigm of contentious politics. Both explanations, focusing either on the intra-bureaucracy relationship or on the state-society relationship， have neglected the urban-rural dimension of planning， making it difficult to capture the unique social dynamics arising from planning practices in the context of rapid urbanization in contemporary China. This paper proposes an explanatory framework that emphasizes the embeddedness of planning in the urban-rural relationship structure shaped by urban transformation. Based on the case of a suburban village in eastern China， this study finds that whether in conservation or development planning， rural areas are in a dual hierarchical structure consisting of an administrative hierarchy between government levels and a territorial hierarchy between the urban and the rural. This unique urban-rural situation， combined with the overall comprehensiveness of planning itself， process practicality， and future-orientated characteristics of spatial planning itself， results in three social mechanisms of planning including the implicit infrastructuralization of rural spaces， the transcendence of planning power over land systems， and the asymmetric distribution of planning certainty. Consequently， villages under planning tend to employ opportunist adaptive strategies rather than engage in power negotiations or social actions. By outlining the urban-rural dynamics in Chinese spatial planning， this paper reveals the reciprocal reproduction of planning and the urban-rural structure in contemporary China， thereby explaining how spacial planning becomes part of the repertoire of Chinese state-led urbanization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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“Peasants’ Subjectivity” in Circle Structure: A Case Study of “Beautiful Village Protection Project” XUE Wenjing, SONG Dandan Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 125-150.   Abstract （105）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3095KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save With various market and social forces participating in rural construction, “peasants’ subjectivity” in the interaction between peasants and external forces has become an increasingly prominent issue. This article discusses the connotation of “peasants’ subjectivity” through a case study of a planning and design company’s “Beautiful Village Protection Project ” in Fanglin Village， S Province， and analyzes the foundation of the “uneven” subjectivity among peasants in practice. Built upon existing research， this article examines “peasants’ subjectivity” at three levels: peasants’ willingness to participate， their ability to act in a coordinated manner， and their sense of responsibility in rural construction projects. Through the discussion of the case， this article proposes a concept of “peasants’ subjectivity” in the “circle structure” of village social relations. The “circle structure” is the basic perspective from which peasants understand the relationship between external projects and themselves. When the key figures in the project change， their willingness to participate and enthusiasm for action would also change. The “circle structure” is the infrastructure for peasants’ cooperation. When the core members of the circle fail to have outward visions and properly handle the interests of different groups， the closed nature of the circle itself would make it difficult for the organisation to act in coordination. Finally， the “circle structure” is also a source of motivation for people to regard common affairs as their own responsibility. Only through their ethical connections with specific people and driven by examples of good leaders can peasants be continuously inspired to dedicate themselves to work and share risks with others. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From Primary Group to Democratic Ideal: Family and Country Feelings in Cooley’s Social Thoughts in the Progressive Era ZHENG Yan Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 151-182.   Abstract （72）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （3658KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save As a representative figure of early American sociology in the Progressive Era, Charles Cooley’s marginal position in the history of contemporary sociology and his multiple representations in the study of the history of thought have constituted a strong tension. This paper attempts to use primary group and democratic ideal to connect a trilogy of Cooley’s works, namely his Human Nature and Social Order， Social Organization， and Social Process， to understand the unique American family and country feelings outlined in Cooley’s social thoughts. Cooley defined the problems encountered by the social transformation of the United States in the Progressive Era as moral degeneration and proposed that a great life oriented towards the modern world should be emerged from the primary group as a social ideal to help Americans overcome the crises. To this end， Cooley developed a theoretical thinking on the self-growth of modern individuals and their interaction with society from the perspective of social psychology. Cooley believed that the individual self was conceived in the original primal group， and through social psychological mechanisms of sympathy， imagination， and communication， it could grow in the cultural learning and group life of school education， further develop in the modern democratic society composed of public opinions， and sublimate into a mature patriotic spirit in the emergence of the international community， and finally reach a religious perfection towards the Great Life. Cooley’s mental schema was deeply rooted in the rich civic religious tradition of the United States. Cooley reconstructed this tradition through the analysis of sociological psychology， and laid the foundation for a new theory of human nature and social organization to consolidate and expand America’s democratic ideals. Paying attention to Cooley’s social thoughts in the Chinese context provides us with a comparative civilization perspective to carry on the sociological tradition of problem consciousness of the period of the Republic of China and reexamine the Chinese people’s feelings about family and country. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Genealogy of Sacred Society: From Durkheim to Collège de Sociologie CAO Jinyu Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 183-212.   Abstract （106）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （3137KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save In the 1930s， Bataille， Caillois and Leiris founded the “Collège de Sociologie” in Paris， dedicated to the study of all possible manifestations of social existence-especially the sacred forms， thus reviving the Durkheim school’s discussion of the sacred society. By examining the theoretical practice of the Collège de Sociologie， this paper attempts to establish a genealogy of the sacred society， and on this basis， to consider the following questions: How has the connotation of the sacred changed from Durkheim to the Collège de Sociologie? What social reality does this change respond to? What is the significance and value of sacredness in modern society? This paper points out that on the one hand， the Collège de Sociologie has inherited and advanced Durkheim’s thinking on the sacred society； on the other hand， in response to the social and political crises， it has restored the ambiguous attributes of the sacred in a more dynamic way， making the sacred intervene in the creation and maintenance of social order in a more radical form. Among them， Bataille changes the single assumption of the sacred by distinguishing between “left sacredness” and “right sacredness” while emphasizing the radicalism and transgression of “left sacredness”， thus surpassing Durkheim’s relatively conservative political position. In contrast， Caillois seeks a dynamic balance between respect and transgression， transforming Batailles’ Dionysian spirit into Luciferian revolutionary heroism in order to maintain the lasting dynamics of the power of the sacred. Leiris breaks through the framework of the sacred-profane dichotomy with the sacrality of everyday life. They all emphasize the process of the sacred shifting from homogeneous collectives to heterogeneous individuals， in which the self can break the alienated and oppressive social order with its own will and sovereignty， so as to achieve true freedom and commonality and revitalize the social body. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Extended Maternity Leave and Migrant Women’s Fertility-Unemployment Paradox: Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey Data SHI Zhilei, WANG Zhang Chinese Journal of Sociology    2024, 44 (2): 213-242.   Abstract （140）   HTML （12）    PDF（pc） （2869KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save This study proposes a hypothesis of social differentiation effects of extended maternity leave to reinterpret the “fertility-unemployment paradox” caused by extended maternity leave among migrant women. In 2016, China introduced revisions of extended maternity leave to the provincial Population and Family Planning Regulations. This paper examines the aftereffect of the 2016 and 2018 CMDS data and tests the hypothesis empirically by using the propensity score matching and instrumental variable method. The study finds that extending maternity leave can effectively improve migrant women's willingness to have a second child, but at the same time it significantly increases the risk of unemployment for them. The probability of unemployment increases by 11.76% for every month of maternity leave extension. This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. In addition， there is a threshold value for the impact of extended maternity leave on the second child fertility intention. When the length of maternity leave exceeds 180 days， further extension can no longer increase migrant women’s desire to have a second child. Further examination finds that the “fertility-unemployment paradox” of maternity leave extension is only a symptom. The maternity leave extension policy with its original intention of supporting families and protecting women creates a social differentiation effect among migrant women， that is， the extension of maternity leave only increases the second child fertility intention of migrant women with high socioeconomic status in terms of education， income and formal employment， but it puts migrant women of low socioeconomic status such as rural migrant workers with low education in a much greater risk of unemployment. As a family policy intended to protect vulnerable groups， the maternity leave extension policy has instead created new inequalities in its implementation， causing more difficulties for migrant women of low socioeconomic status. This study not only contributes to the research on low fertility， but also provides theoretical reference for improving public policies and guiding the development of modern families. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）