社会杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1-25.

• 组织与社会 •    下一篇

市场转型与“单位”变迁再论“单位”研究

李路路1, 教授 博士生导师;
苗大雷2, 博士研究生;
王修晓3, 博士研究生   

    1. 中国人民大学社会学系
    2. 中国人民大学社会学系
    3. 中国人民大学社会学系
  • 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20

Market Transition and the Change of Danwei:Danwei Studies Revisited

  • Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20

摘要:

改革开放三十年后,中国基本实现了向市场经济体制的转型,社会结构发生了巨大变化。中国城市社会的基层组织制度和社会秩序,尤其是“单位”和“单位体制”,也随之发生了深刻的改变。本文对在市场转型的制度背景下的“单位”变迁研究进行了系统的梳理。文章从概念辨析入手,分为“单位”体制及其变迁、单位内部的权力结构与行为方式、单位与社会分层三个方面展开具体论述。作者认为,采用细致的个案调查方法来研究不同类型“单位”的内部权力结构和行为方式,挖掘“单位”社会分层效应的具体微观机制,进而探讨“单位”和“单位体制”的变迁,并且,以此为参照来理解中国社会组织的新特点、新功能,将是“单位”研究的方向所在。

关键词: 市场转型, 单位, 组织制度, 基层秩序, 个案调查, 法治工作者, 社会认知论, 职业倦怠, 认知失调

Abstract:

In 30 years’ reform and opening up, China has completed the basic transition to market economy, resulting in tremendous changes in the societal structure. Subsequently, organizations and institutions in basiclevel urban China, especially danwei and the danwei system, have also undergone profound transformation. In the context of institutional market transition, this essay systematically reviews the studies concerning the change of danwei. After defining the concept, the paper dissects the literatures into three parts: (1) the system of danwei and its evolution, (2) the power structure and behavior patterns within danwai, and (3) danwei as a mechanism of social stratification. The authors conclude that, while the method of case study is preferred, future danwei studies should focus on the following three subjects: (1) to investigate the power structure and behavior patterns within different kinds of danwei, (2) to explore the specific micromechanisms of danwei in social stratification, and (3) to understand the new characteristics and functions of the Chinese social organizations with danwei as a reference. 

Key words:  basiclevel order, case study, danwei, market transition, organizations and institutions, occupational burnout, cognitive dissonance, legal officers, social cognitive theory