当代中国底层社会“以身抗争”的效度和限度分析:一个“艾滋村民”抗争维权的启示

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对鄂豫两省艾滋疫情高发区“艾滋村民”抗争的考察，笔者提出了当代中国底层社会抗争的两种社会学逻辑：求助于外的“合法抗争”和求助于内的“以身抗争”，一起形成了当代中国底层社会抗争的具有解释力、却又不同逻辑的社会学分析框架。本文考察了“以身抗争”模式的形成机理和运转规则，发现中国底层农民抗争的“非政治性”、“弱组织性”和“具体利益性”取向，“有组织”的政治抗争乃至革命性转化是不太可能的。

关键词: 无政府主义, 动员, 农民运动, 鼓动, 十人团, 底层研究, 艾滋村民, 以身抗争, 以法抗争

Abstract:

Through the investigation of resistance of those in the AIDS villages in the HIVridden areas in Hubei province and Henan province， the author proposes two kinds of sociologic logics of social resistance in the subaltern society of contemporary China： externally relied “rulebased resistance” and internally relied “individualistic resistance．” They have both become the most convincible sociologic analysis frames to account for the social resistance in the current Chinese subaltern society yet they differ in logics． This paper originally examines the formation mechanism and operating rules of the “individualistic resistance” mode， which leads to the discovery of the trends of nonpolitics， weak organization， and tangiblebenefit focus in the resistance in the rural subaltern society， making “organized” political protests up to a revolutionized turn far away from the reach．

Key words: peasant movement, instigation, mobilization, anarchism, league of ten, subaltern studies, AIDS villages, rulebased resistance, body resistance

王洪伟. 当代中国底层社会“以身抗争”的效度和限度分析:一个“艾滋村民”抗争维权的启示[J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(2): 215-234.

Wang Hongwei. Analysis of the Validity and Limit of “Individualistic Resistance” from the Subaltern Society in Contemporary China： A Report from the HIVRidden Villages in Hubei Province and Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2010, 30(2): 215-234.

参考文献

查特吉． 2001．关注底层［J］．读书（8）．［Chatterjee，P． 2001． “Concerning about the Subaltern．” DuShu （8）．（in Chinese）］
董海军． 2008．“作为武器的弱者身份”：农民维权抗争的底层政治［J］．社会（4）．［Dong Haijun．2008． “The Weak Identity as a Weapon： Subaltern Politics of the Peasant Resistance for Rights．” Society（4）．（in Chinese）］
冯珠娣、汪民安、赖立里． 2004．日常生活、身体、政治［J］．社会学研究（1）．［Farquhar， Judith， Wang Min’an，and Lai Lili． “Daily Routine， Body and Politics．” Sociological Studies（1）．（in Chinese）］
福柯．2003．规训与惩罚［M］．刘北成、杨远婴，译．北京：三联书店。［Foucault，M．2003．“Discipline and Punish．” Translated by Liu Beicheng and Yang Yuanying． Beijing： SDX Joint Publishing Company．］
耿小勇．2005．河南染艾滋民工赴京讨薪无果病情加重含泪回家［N］．新京报（11〖CD*2〗16）．［Geng Xiaoyong〖KG-*9〗． 2005a． “HIVInfected Workers of Henan got nothing from Asking for Salary in Beijing， became Seriously Ill and Went Home in Tears．” Beijing News （11-16）．］
——．2006．河南省上蔡染艾滋民工来京讨薪欠债人儿子急跳窗［N］．新京报（02-17）．［Geng Xiaoyong． 2006．“HIVInfected Workers of Henan Shangcai County Came to Beijing to Ask for Salary， the Debtor’s Son Threw himself out of the Window Hurriedly．” Beijing News（02-17）．］
葛兰西，安东尼奥． 2000．狱中札记［M］．曹雷雨、姜丽，译．北京：中国社会科学出版社．［ Gramsci， Antonio． 2000． The Prison Notebooks． translated by Cao Leiyu and Jiang Li． Beijing： China Social Sciences Press．］ 
郭于华．2002．“弱者的武器”与“隐藏的文本”：研究农民反抗的底层视角［J］．读书（7）．［Guo Yuhua． 2002．“‘Weapons of the Weak’ and ‘Hidden Transcripts’： The Subaltern Perspective on Peasants’Resistence Research．” DuShu（7）．（in Chinese）］
——． 2007．“弱者的武器”及其中国遭遇［OL］．自“天益” http：∥www．tecn．cn．［ Guo Yuhua．2007． “Weapons of the Weak and Its Experience in China．” From http：∥www．tecn．cn ］
——．2008．作为历史见证的“受苦人”的讲述［J］．社会学研究（1）．［Guo Yuhua．2008． “The Narration of Sufferer as an Eyewitness of History．” Sociological Studies（1）．（in Chinese）］
李连江、欧博文．1997．当代中国农民的依法抗争［G］∥吴国光，编．九七效应：香港与太平洋．香港：太平洋世纪研究所．［Li Lianjiang and Kevin O’Brien． 1997． “Contemporary Chinese Farmers Protest in accordance with Law．” Edited by Wu Guoguang． 97 Effect： Hong Kong，China，and the Pacific． Hongkong： Institute of Pacific Century．］
刘倩．2005a．河南省艾滋病流行特点、社会影响及相关政策效应研究［J］．中国社会学会2005年学术年会论文．自天益http：∥www．tecn．cn/data/detail．php?id=9170．［Liu Qian． 2005a．“Characteristics， Social Impact and Related Policy Effect of the AIDS Epidemic in Henan Province ”Paper of 2005 Annual Conference of Chinese Sociological Association（CSA）．］ http：∥www．tecn．cn/data/detail．php?id=9170 ］
——．2007b．河南省艾滋病流行现状、流行特点、社会影响及相关政策效应研究：疫情高发区现场报告之一［J］．［ Liu Qian．2007b． “AIDS Present Situation， Characteristic and Related Policy in Henan Province： A Field Report from the HighLevel Epidemic Zone．” Journal of USChina Public Administra．］
刘旭． 2006．底层叙述：现代性话语的裂隙［M］．上海古籍出版社（3）．［Liu Xu． 2006．The Underlying Narrative： The Crack of Utterance in Modernity． Shanghai Rarebooks Publishing House （3）．］
吕鹏． 2006．是下层阶级还是底层群体？［G］∥社会学家茶座（15）．［L Peng． 2006． “Underclass or Inferior Society?” Teahouse for Socioloists（15）．］
裴宜理．2008．底层社会与抗争性政治［J］．阎小骏，译．东南学术（3）．［Perry，Elizabeth． 2008． “Inferior Society and Contentious Politics”． Translated by Yan Xiaojun． Southeast Academic Research（3）．（in Chinese）］
斯科特，J．C． 2007a．弱者的武器［M］．郑广怀，等，译．南京：译林出版社．［Scott，J．C． 2007a． Weapons of the Weak〖WT《B》〗． Translated by Zheng Guanghuai， et al． Nanjing： Yilin Press．
——．2007b．农民的道义经济学：东南亚的反叛与生存［M］．程立显、刘建，等，译，南京：译林出版社．［Scott，J．C． 2007b．“The Moral Economy of the Peasant： Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia．”Translated by Cheng Lixian，Liu Jian， et al． Nanjing： Yilin Press．
Scott， James． 1985． Weapons of the Weak： Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance． New Haven and London： Yale University Press．
——．1990． Domination and the Arts of Resistance： Hidden Transcripts． Yale University Press．
王萍． 2004．浅析农民有组织抗争及其政治风险［J］．社会科学评论（3）．［Wang Ping〖KG-*9〗． 2004．“The Analysis on Peasants’ Organized Resistance and Its Political Risks．” Review of Social Sciences（3）．（in Chinese）］
王庆明．2007．“底层”作为问题何以浮现：印度“底层研究”产生的背景：从《庶民研究》谈起［DB/OL］． http：∥dzl．ias．fudan．edu．cn/Default．aspx．［Wang Qingming〖KG-*9〗． 2007． How“the Bottom” Emerged as an Issue： The Background of Subaltern Studies in India： Talking from the Book Subaltern Studies． http：∥dzl．ias．fudan．edu．cn/Default．aspx．］
吴毅．2007．权力利益的结构之网与农民群体性利益的表达困境：对一起石场纠纷案例的分析［J］．社会学研究（5）．［Wu Yi． 2007．“The Difficult Position of Expression between the Web of Power/Interests and the Interests of the Peasants： A Case Study on a Dispute Happened in a Field of Stone．” Sociological Studies （5）．（in Chinese）］
肖唐镖．2003．近二十余年来中国大陆农村政治稳定状况的变化［J］．二十一世纪（2）．［Xiao Tangbiao． 2003． “The Change of the Village Political Stability in Mainland China in Recent 20 Years．” 21st Century（2）．（in Chinese）］
萧延中．2006．试论毛泽东“革命牺牲”的政治学——利夫顿《革命的永生》一书解读及其其他［J］．湖南科技大学学报（2）．［Xiao Yanzhong〖KG-*9〗． 2006．“Discuss Mao Zedong’s Politics of‘Revolution Sacrifices’： Reading Revolutionary Immortality of R．J．Lifton．” Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology（Social Sciences）（2）．（in Chinese）］
许晖．2007．身体的媚术——中国历史上的身体政治学［M］．北京图书馆出版社（4）．［Xu Hui． 2007． Body Nymphology： Body Politics in Chinese History． Beijing： Beijing Library Press（4）．］
徐昕．2008．为权利而自杀：转型期中国农民工的“以死抗争”［G］∥乡村中国评论（2）．［Xu Xin． “Suicide for Rights： Chinese Rural Migrant Workers ‘Fight to Death’ during the Transitional Period of the Society．” Rural China’s Comments．（in Chinese）］
叶鹏飞．2009〖CD*2〗02〖CD*2〗12．科学院专家：中国社会骚乱虽增加发生革命可能性不大［J］．新加坡：联合早报．［Ye Pengfei． 2009-02-12．“ Experts of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences： Although Social Riots Increased in China， Revolution is Unlikely to Occur．” Singapore： Lianhe Zaobao．］
应星．2007．草根动员与农民群体利益的表达机制——四个个案的比较研究［J］．社会学研究（2）．［Ying Xing〖KG-*9〗． 2007． Expression Mechanism of GrassRoot Level and Farmers’ Interests： A Comparative Study of Four Cases． Sociological Studies （2）．（in Chinese）］
于建嵘． 2003．农民有组织抗争及其政治风险——湖南省H县调查［J］．战略与管理（3）．［Yu Jianrong． 2003． “Farmers’ Organized Resistance and its Political Risk： Investigation for H Country in Hunan Province．” Strategy and Management （3）．（in Chinese）］
——． 2004．当代中国农民的以法抗争：关于农民维权活动的一个解释框架［J］．社会学研究（2）．［Yu Jianrong〖KG-*9〗．2004． “Struggle by Law of the Chinese Contemporary Peasants： An Interpretive Frame for Farmers’ Defending Rights．” Sociological Studies （2）．（in Chinese）］
——． 2005．转型期中国的社会冲突：对当代工农维权抗争活动的观察和分析［J］．凤凰周刊（7）．［Yu Jianrong2005c． “Social Conflict during System Reform Period in China： Observation and Analysis about Workers and Peasants’ ProtectingRightsandContending Activities in Contemporary China．” Phoenix Weekly（7）．（in Chinese）］
——． 2008a．底层政治与社会稳定［J］．南方周末（01〖CD*2〗24）．［Yu Jianrong．2008a． “Politics of the Bottom Layer and Social Stability．” Southern Weekly．（in Chinese）］
——． 2008b．转型中国的社会冲突：对当代工农维权抗争活动的观察和分析［J］．领导者（2）．［Yu Jianrong．2008b． “Social Conflict during System Reform Period in China： Observation and Analysis about Workers’ ProtectingRightsandContending Activities in Contemporary China．” Leaders （2）．（in Chinese）］
——．2008c．农民维权与底层政治——兼答应星和吴毅［J］．东南学术（3）．［Yu Jianrong2008c． “Farmers’ Protecting Rights and the Politics of the Bottom Society： An Answer to Ying Xing and Wu Yi’s Question．” Southeast Academic Research （3）．（in Chinese）］
——．2008d．底层社会的权利逻辑［J］．南风窗（5）．［Yu Jianrong〖KG-*9〗．2008d． “The Rights Logic of the Inferior Society．” Southern Window （5）．（in Chinese）］
——．2008e．中国的底层社会：我的研究和立场［OL］．自天益http：∥www．tecn．cn．［Yu Jianrong．2008e．“Inferior Society in China： My Research and Standpoint．” http：∥www．tecn．cn （29-07-2008）．］
——2009．利益博弈与抗争性政治——当代中国社会冲突的政治社会学理解［J］．中国农业大学学报（社科版）（1）．［Yu Jianrong〖KG-*9〗．2009．“Benefit Gambling and Contentious Politics： Political Sociology Understanding on Social Conflict in Contemporary China．” Journal of China Agricultural University （Social Sciences）（1）．（in Chinese）］
赵鼎新． 2006．社会与政治运动讲义［M］．北京：社会科学文献出版社．［Zhao Dingxin． 2006． Social Movements and Revolutions． Beijing： Social Sciences Academic Press（China）．］

责任编辑：李聆

[1]	张琪琛, 罗啸尘. 涉农资金县域统合背景下的项目制转型——以西南A县为例[J]. 社会杂志, 2024, 44(5): 30-60.
[2]	孟庆延. “深耕者”与“鼓动家”:论共产党早期乡村革命中的“农运派”[J]. 社会杂志, 2017, 37(3): 180-214.
[3]	盛智明. 组织动员、行动策略与机会结构——业主集体行动结果的影响因素分析[J]. 社会杂志, 2016, 36(3): 110-139.
[4]	朱斌李路路. 独立与权利：中美女性主义运动与性别平等观念比较研究[J]. 社会杂志, 2015, 35(5): 218-240.
[5]	卜玉梅. 从在线到离线：基于互联网的集体行动的形成及其影响因素——以反建X餐厨垃圾站运动为例[J]. 社会杂志, 2015, 35(5): 168-195.
[6]	吕德文. 媒介动员、钉子户与抗争政治——宜黄事件再分析[J]. 社会杂志, 2012, 32(3): 129-170.
[7]	林超超. 合法化资源与中国工人的行动主义——1957年上海“工潮”再研究[J]. 社会杂志, 2012, 32(1): 197-219.
[8]	朱健刚. 以理抗争:都市集体行动的策略——以广州南园的业主维权为例[J]. 社会杂志, 2011, 31(3): 24-41.
[9]	黄荣贵. 互联网与抗争行动：理论模型、中国经验及研究进展[J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(2): 178-197.
[10]	刘春荣. 选举动员的框架整合：银杏居委会换届选举个案研究 [J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(1): 22-45.
[11]	刘春荣. 选举动员的框架整合：银杏居委会换届选举个案研究 [J]. 社会杂志, 2010, 30(1): 22-45.
[12]	邓万春. 动员式改革:中国农村改革理论与经验的再探讨 [J]. 社会杂志, 2008, 28(3): 156-179 .
[13]	章友德;周松青. 资源动员与网络中的民间救助 [J]. 社会杂志, 2007, 27(3): 70-70 .