私营企业主与政治发展：关于市场转型中私营企业主的阶级想象及其反思

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前私营企业主在中国政治生活中扮演了隐秘却愈具影响力的角色，现有研究从“没有资产阶级，就没有民主”的理论命题出发，探讨市场转型中中国是否出现了一个自主并与国家权力抗衡的社会阶层，由此，已有研究得出基本一致性的判断，由于私营企业主与国家之间共享政治价值和共享利益，中国出现的是一个依附于国家并与国家权力共谋的社会阶层。本文认为，现有研究立足于“私营企业主”在民主转型中角色的阶级想象，而过于关注私营企业主对于民主转型的影响，从而忽视了深入剖析和探讨私营企业主对于当代中国政策过程的影响。因此，深化当代中国私营企业主与国家关系及其政治影响的认识，需要从“民主转型”转向“政策影响”的主题。

关键词: 非正式关系, 政商关系, 政策游说, 私营企业主, 政治吸纳

Abstract: Private entrepreneurs play an invisible but more and more influential role in Chinese political life. Therefore, more studies on governmentbusiness relations become necessary for better understanding of the political development in contemporary China. With the theoretical presumption of “no bourgeoisie, no democracy”, existing researches explore whether there is an autonomous and opposite capitalist class in the process of market transition, and most of them conclude that the capitalist class in China is quite dependent on and colludes with the state because of their shared political values and interests as well as the political cooptation and corporatism of the Partystate. Some other studies reflect on these viewpoints and contend that it’s improper to consider the private entrepreneurs as a homogeneous social class with common interests and identity. The theoretical presumption of “no bourgeois, no democracy” is also questioned and modified. Based on these studies, the paper argues that the existing studies have had too much presumptions with the private entrepreneurs’ role in democratization process, either for it or against it, while neglecting the actual influences of the private entrepreneurs on policy making and implementation, individually or collectively. This, however, signifies great political change in contemporary China. Therefore, this paper suggests it is necessary to reflect on the existing theoretical presumption that in order to deepen our understanding of the relationship between Chinese government and private entrepreneurs. Furthermore, a possible turn in the studies on private entrepreneurs in China is from democratization approach to policy influence approach, as well as the change of focus from “autonomy” to “influence”.

Key words: private entrepreneurs, informal relations, political cooptation, governmentbusiness relations, policy lobbying

黄冬娅. 私营企业主与政治发展：关于市场转型中私营企业主的阶级想象及其反思[J]. 社会杂志, 2014, 34(4): 138-164.

HUANG Dongya. Private Entrepreneurs and Political Development in China: Theoretical Imagination of Private Entrepreneurs in the Marketization as a Class and Its Reflection[J]. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 2014, 34(4): 138-164.

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